ReviewJournal of medical virology2022
Role of toll-like receptors in modulation of cytokine storm signaling in SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19.
Review in Journal of medical virology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toll-like receptors polymorphisms and COVID-19: a systematic review.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Dual mechanism of human ATG10S in suppressing MEF2A-Driven pro-inflammatory responses.Autophagy · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Association of Toll-like Receptor 8 Polymorphisms with COVID-19 Case Status in a Korean Population.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Structural insights into TLR4 activation by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: implications for inflammatory response modulation.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Stress-Dependent NF-κB Signaling in Acute Kidney Injury: Linking Inflammation, Autophagy, and Apoptosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Chemical characterization of Jing Guan Fang and its application in alleviating coronavirus envelope protein-induced proinflammatory responsesJournal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2026Article
- Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GOLDGUT-BB69 Counteracts Diarrhea in Mice by Alleviating Inflammation, Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Functions, and Regulating Intestinal Microbiota.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Immunomodulating effects of herbal cough medication - in vitro screening in a TLR7- and TLR8-mediated inflammatory model.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- The emerging role of TLR7-mediated signaling in respiratory viral infections and autoimmune diseases.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- The role of soluble toll-like receptor-2 and 4 in children with pneumonia: a combined analysis of saliva and serum samples.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptors in innate immunity and inflammation: from fundamental biology to clinic insights.Immunity & inflammation · 2026Review
- Integrating state-space modeling, parameter estimation, deep learning, and docking techniques in drug repurposing: a case study on COVID-19 cytokine storm.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026Article
- Immune cell interactions and lung damage in SARS-CoV-2 special attention on monocytes/macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells and Toll-like receptors in SARS-CoV-2.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- Potential relationships between circulating gene expression ofJournal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Article
- Increasing inflammatory biomarkers are associated with mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients despite anti-inflammatory treatment.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Observational
- Insights Into Effects of Natural Bioactive Components on Inflammatory Diseases in Respiratory Tract.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2025Review
- Influence of Sex and 1,25α Dihydroxyvitamin DPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Imiquimod-Loaded Phospholipid-Free Small Unilamellar Vesicles Activate the Tumor Immune Microenvironment to Treat Liver Cancer and Liver Metastases.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- The ACE2 decoy receptor can overcome immune escape by rapid mutating SARS-CoV-2 variants and reduce cytokine induction and clot formation.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Balanced immune regulation is crucial for recognizing an invading pathogen, its killing, and elimination. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the key regulators of the innate immune system. It helps in identifying between self and nonself-molecule and eventually eliminates the nonself. Endosomal TLR, mainly TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and membrane-bound TLR4, has a role in the induction of cytokine storms. TLR7/8 recognizes the ssRNA SARS-COV-2 and when it replicates to dsRNA, it is recognized by TLR3 and drives the TRIF-mediated inflammatory signaling like NF-κB, MAPK. Such signaling leads to significant transcription and translation of pro-inflammatory genes, releasing inflammatory molecules into the systemic circulation, causing an imbalance in the system. So, whenever an imbalance occurs, a surge in the pro-inflammatory mediators is observed in the blood, including cytokines like interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. IL-6 and IL-1β are one of the driving factors for bringing the cytokine storm into the systemic circulation, which migrates into the other organs, causing multiple organ failures leading to the death of the individual with severe illness.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.