ReviewTherapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism2021
Current concept of stress fractures with an additional category of atypical fractures: a perspective review with representative images.
Review in Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- A 50-year perspective on the use and potential of artiodactyl calcanei in bone adaptation studies.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Deep learning and hybrid architectures for atypical and complex bone fracture diagnosis: a systematic review of performance and clinical validity.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026Review
- Femoral diaphyseal fatigue stress fracture in an older adult male with normal bone mineral density.BMJ case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Incomplete femoral neck fracture with characteristics of atypical femoral fracture: A case report and literature review.Trauma case reports · 2024Article
- Single-stage long-stem total knee arthroplasty in severe arthritis with stress fracture: a systematic review.Knee surgery & related research · 2023Review
- Frequent fractures and sclerotic thick bands on physes related to oral alendronate treatments.Trauma case reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stress fractures have traditionally been classified into three categories: fatigue fractures due to overuse of bone with normal elastic resistance; insufficiency fractures due to everyday physiological stress on fragile bone with poor elastic resistance; and pathologic fractures due to bone weakness involving tumors. The concept of atypical fractures has emerged and is considered a type of stress fracture. However, there has been some inconsistency in interpretation when using the traditional classification of stress fractures, and atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) can potentially be classified into subtypes: "typical" AFFs involving bone turnover suppression due to specific drugs (e.g. bisphosphonates) and fragility fractures of the bowed femoral shaft. In this article, the classification of stress fractures is redefined with the addition of atypical fractures as a fourth category, in which biological activity for fracture healing is absent, to promote consistent understanding and interpretation of clinical conditions involving stress fractures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.