ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Modulating Trained Immunity by Various Cell Types in Response to Pathogen Encounter.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trained Immunity Induced by Vaccines: A Shifting Paradigm for Infant and Adult Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From Chronic Inflammation to Cancer: The Role of Trained Immunity in IBD-Associated Colorectal Carcinogenesis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Augmentation of IL-21 and soluble CD14 in systemic aspergillosis through combined immunostimulation with beta-glucan and diphtheria toxoid.Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Signatures of Trained Immunity Following mRNA Vaccination: Differences Between mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Cross-kingdom mechanisms of trained immunity in plant systemic acquired resistance.Nature plants · 2025Review
- Trained immunity in farm animals.Veterinary research · 2025Review
- The mechanisms and clinical significance of CD8Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- Investigation of materials for the development of new molecular and cellular antiviral and antimalignancy vaccines and immunization methods: a pilot study.Biotechnologia · 2025Article
- Article
- Trained immunity in diabetes: emerging targets for cardiovascular complications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Knowledge mapping of trained immunity/innate immune memory: Insights from two decades of studies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- KDM4 Regulates the Glycolysis of Hemocytes in the Immune Priming ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Epigenetic training of human bronchial epithelium cells by repeated rhinovirus infections.Allergy · 2024Article
- Non-Coding RNAs and Innate Immune Responses in Cancer.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- The causes and consequences of trained immunity in myeloid cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Regulation of long noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis and clinical implications of pituitary adenomas.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- In vivo inhibition of nuclear ACE2 translocation protects against SARS-CoV-2 replication and lung damage through epigenetic imprinting.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Training vs. Tolerance: The Yin/Yang of the Innate Immune System.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Development of innate immune memory by non-immune cells duringFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Identification of Long Non-Coding RNA MIR4435-2HG as a Prognostic Biomarker in Bladder Cancer.Genes · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The induction of trained immunity represents an emerging concept defined as the ability of innate immune cells to acquire a memory phenotype, which is a typical hallmark of the adaptive response. Key points modulated during the establishment of trained immunity include epigenetic, metabolic and functional changes in different innate-immune and non-immune cells. Regarding to epigenetic changes, it has been described that long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) act as molecular scaffolds to allow the assembly of chromatin-remodeling complexes that catalyze epigenetic changes on chromatin. On the other hand, relevant metabolic changes that occur during this process include increased glycolytic rate and the accumulation of metabolites from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which subsequently regulate the activity of histone-modifying enzymes that ultimately drive epigenetic changes. Functional consequences of established trained immunity include enhanced cytokine production, increased antigen presentation and augmented antimicrobial responses. In this article, we will discuss the current knowledge regarding the ability of different cell subsets to acquire a trained immune phenotype and the molecular mechanisms involved in triggering such a response. This knowledge will be helpful for the development of broad-spectrum therapies against infectious diseases based on the modulation of epigenetic and metabolic cues regulating the development of trained immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.