ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Defining the Innate Immune Responses for SARS-CoV-2-Human Macrophage Interactions.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Photobiomodulation Improves Serum Cytokine Response in Mild to Moderate COVID-19: The First Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Pilot Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Gapmers targeting conserved SARS-CoV-2 single-stranded regions reduce viral load and reshape inflammatory macrophage responses.iScience · 2026Article
- Differential effects of SARS-CoV-2-targeted infection of ATII, club cells, and macrophages on lung immunopathology and antiviral responses.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- A Post-GWAS Analysis of the Shared Genetic Architecture Between COVID-19 and Coronary Artery Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Identifying ICAM-1 as a Therapeutic Target for Cytokine Storm in Human Macrophages Through Integrative Bioinformatics Approaches.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Proteomic signals are not equal clinical phenotypes: redefining evidence standards in arbovirus-SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dissecting the role of flagellar subunits inJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan and Omicron Variant Proteins on Type I Interferon Response.Viruses · 2025Article
- Predictive Role and Clinical Value of Serum Cytokines in COVID-19.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Development of an intestinal mucosaJournal of virology · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV2 infection in whole lung primarily targets macrophages that display subset-specific responses.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Mucosal immunity in COVID-19: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Determinants of COVID-19 Disease Severity-Lessons from Primary and Secondary Immune Disorders including Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Th-1, Th-2, Th-9, Th-17, Th-22 type cytokine concentrations of critical COVID-19 patients after treatment with Remdesivir.Immunobiology · 2023Article
- Prospective Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in COVID-19: Prognosis, Therapeutic and Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Respiratory and systemic monocytes, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in COVID-19: Implications for disease severity.Journal of internal medicine · 2023Review
- Unconventional secretion of unglycosylated ORF8 is critical for the cytokine storm during SARS-CoV-2 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Antiviral peptides against SARS-CoV-2: therapeutic targets, mechanistic antiviral activity, and efficient delivery.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2022Review
- Generation of Cytotoxic T Cells and Dysfunctional CD8 T Cells in Severe COVID-19 Patients.Cells · 2022Article
- Multidistrict Host-Pathogen Interaction during COVID-19 and the Development Post-Infection Chronic Inflammation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Host innate immune response follows severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and it is the driver of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) amongst other inflammatory end-organ morbidities. Such life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is heralded by virus-induced activation of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs; monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells). MPs play substantial roles in aberrant immune secretory activities affecting profound systemic inflammation and end-organ malfunctions. All follow the presence of persistent viral components and virions without evidence of viral replication. To elucidate SARS-CoV-2-MP interactions we investigated transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of human monocyte-derived macrophages. While expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, paralleled monocyte-macrophage differentiation, it failed to affect productive viral infection. In contrast, simple macrophage viral exposure led to robust pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression but attenuated type I interferon (IFN) activity. Both paralleled dysregulation of innate immune signaling pathways, specifically those linked to IFN. We conclude that the SARS-CoV-2-infected host mounts a robust innate immune response characterized by a pro-inflammatory storm heralding end-organ tissue damage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.