SynthesisOpen heart2021
Escalating incidence of infective endocarditis in Europe in the 21st century.
Synthesis in Open heart, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prophylactic antibiotic use for infective endocarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Specialty-Related Differences in Adherence to Antibiotic Therapy Guidelines for Infective Endocarditis in Older Patients.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Infective endocarditis in a university hospital without on-site cardiac surgery: temporal trends over 37 years.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Insurance Status and Quality of Care in Infective Endocarditis: A National Analysis of Disparities in Length of Stay, Discharge, and Mortality.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Long-term outcomes of mitral valve surgery in infective endocarditis: a single-centre UK experience.Open heart · 2026Article
- EuroSCORE II: Current limitations and physiological gaps in risk stratification.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Exploring mesenchymal stem cells as a novel therapeutic approach for HACEK endocarditis: a narrative review.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Review
- Early and late outcomes after aortic valve replacement, mitral valve replacement and mitral valve plasty for native and prosthetic valve endocarditis in The Netherlands.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2026Article
- Indicators of In-Hospital Mortality in Infective Endocarditis: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Dual transcriptomic profiling ofmBio · 2025Article
- [Contemporary management of endocarditis].Herz · 2025Review
- Clinical presentation, microbiological profile, and management challenges of infective endocarditis: a retrospective study from a high volume cardiac centre in Pakistan.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2025Article
- Necessity of dental restoration before heart valve replacement: a cross-sectional study of a historical cohort.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- ENDOCOR: a nationwide consortium of endocarditis teams-initiating a registry for infective endocarditis within the Netherlands Heart Registration.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2025Article
- Trends in Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Infective Endocarditis: A 16-Year Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Valvular Heart Disease in Asia Pacific Region.JACC. Asia · 2025Review
- Trends in infective endocarditis over two decades in a Thai tertiary care setting.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Isolated Pulmonary Valve Endocarditis Caused byAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo provide a contemporary analysis of incidence trends of infective endocarditis (IE) with its changing epidemiology over the past two decades in Europe.
methodsA systematic review was conducted at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Ovid EBM Reviews, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for studies published between 1 January 2000 and 30 November 2020. All studies were independently reviewed by four referees and those that included a population-based incidence of IE in patients, irrespective of age, in Europe were included. Least squares regression was used to estimate pooled temporal trends in IE incidence.
resultsOf 9138 articles screened, 18 studies were included in the review. Elderly men predominated in all studies. IE incidence increased 4.1% per year (95% CI 1.8% to 6.4%) in the pooled regression analysis of eight studies that included comprehensive and consistent trends data. When trends data were weighted according to population size of individual countries, an increase in yearly incidence of 0.27 cases per 100 000 people was observed. Staphylococci and streptococci were the most common pathogens identified. The rate of surgical intervention ranged from 10.2% to 60.0%, and the rate of inpatient mortality ranged from 14.3% to 17.5%. In six studies that examined the rate of injection drug use, five of them reported a rate of less than 10%.
conclusionBased on findings from our systematic review, IE incidence in Europe has doubled over the past two decades in Europe. Multiple factors are likely responsible for this striking increase. TRIAL REGISTERATION NUMBER: CRD42020191196.
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