ReviewDiabetes care2021
Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Current Understanding and Challenges.
Review in Diabetes care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05252728 (Altered Faecal Microbiome and Metabolome in Childhood-onset Type 1 Diabetes, Adult-onset Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 135 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Altered Faecal Microbiome and Metabolome in Childhood-onset Type 1 Diabetes, Adult-onset Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists' effects on glycemic control, weight loss, and beta cells function in type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- A Review on Diabulimia: Exploring the Intersection of Disordered Eating, Eating Disorders, Insulin Dose Manipulation, and Type 1 Diabetes.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Accuracy of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies for the identification of adult-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Pooled it
- How does diabetes shape the landscape of cataract development and surgical success? a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2025Pooled it
- Technology for the Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia and MENA Region: A Systematic Review.Current diabetes reviews · 2025Pooled it
- The Incidence of Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review From 32 Countries and Regions.Diabetes care · 2022Pooled it
- Improved HbA1c and Body Weight in GADA-Positive Individuals Treated With Tirzepatide: A Post Hoc Analysis of SURPASS.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- Combination therapy with saxagliptin and vitamin D for the preservation of β-cell function in adult-onset type 1 diabetes: a multi-center, randomized, controlled trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Trial
- Lifestyle and environmental risk factors for adult-onset autoimmune diabetes: current evidence and future directions.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics and disease progression of typical adult-onset type 1 diabetes and insulin-dependent latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Family Impact, Caregiver Burden, Parental Monitoring, and Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Combined Exendin-4 and Rituximab Treatment Improves β-Cell Function and Delays Disease Progression in NOD Mice.Biology · 2026Article
- Biomarkers of partial remission in paediatric type 1 diabetes: β-cell stress, immune-metabolic remodelling, and translational priorities-a narrative review.Translational pediatrics · 2026Review
- Risk of protein intake deficiency during treatment with GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists: considerations for secondary sarcopenia.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Twenty-four-month evaluation of the glycemia risk index in adults with type 1 diabetes using advanced hybrid closed-loop systems.Endocrine · 2026Observational
- Screening and Monitoring for Presymptomatic Type 1 Diabetes: A Time for Action.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Review
- Differences in Clinical Manifestations and Islet Autoantibodies by Age in Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Pancreatic β-cell aging in physiology and diabetes: emerging roles of m6A mRNA methylation.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2026Review
- Predictive Autoantibodies Before the Diagnosis of Type I Diabetes in Adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent epidemiological data have shown that more than half of all new cases of type 1 diabetes occur in adults. Key genetic, immune, and metabolic differences exist between adult- and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes, many of which are not well understood. A substantial risk of misclassification of diabetes type can result. Notably, some adults with type 1 diabetes may not require insulin at diagnosis, their clinical disease can masquerade as type 2 diabetes, and the consequent misclassification may result in inappropriate treatment. In response to this important issue, JDRF convened a workshop of international experts in November 2019. Here, we summarize the current understanding and unanswered questions in the field based on those discussions, highlighting epidemiology and immunogenetic and metabolic characteristics of adult-onset type 1 diabetes as well as disease-associated comorbidities and psychosocial challenges. In adult-onset, as compared with childhood-onset, type 1 diabetes, HLA-associated risk is lower, with more protective genotypes and lower genetic risk scores; multiple diabetes-associated autoantibodies are decreased, though GADA remains dominant. Before diagnosis, those with autoantibodies progress more slowly, and at diagnosis, serum C-peptide is higher in adults than children, with ketoacidosis being less frequent. Tools to distinguish types of diabetes are discussed, including body phenotype, clinical course, family history, autoantibodies, comorbidities, and C-peptide. By providing this perspective, we aim to improve the management of adults presenting with type 1 diabetes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.