Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34670526›Full record

ArticleBMC gastroenterology2021

Probiotics as the live microscopic fighters against Helicobacter pylori gastric infections.

Masoud Keikha, Mohsen Karbalaei

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
12.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The impact ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Study of the effect of LactobacillusFrontiers in immunology · 2023
    Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Effect of Probiotic-Assisted Eradication ofBioMed research international · 2022
    Trial
  8. Article
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  14. Review
  15. Global Profile of Drug Resistance Related toHealth science reports · 2025
    Review
  16. Towards EffectiveInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
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  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Masoud KeikhaDepartment of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mohsen KarbalaeiDepartment of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran. mohsen.karbalaei@jmu.ac.ir.
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences · IRUniversity of Jiroft · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the causative agent of stomach diseases such as duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer, in this regard incomplete eradication of this bacterium has become to a serious concern. Probiotics are a group of the beneficial bacteria which increase the cure rate of H. pylori infections through various mechanisms such as competitive inhibition, co-aggregation ability, enhancing mucus production, production of bacteriocins, and modulating immune response.

resultIn this study, according to the received articles, the anti-H. pylori activities of probiotics were reviewed. Based on studies, administration of standard antibiotic therapy combined with probiotics plays an important role in the effective treatment of H. pylori infection. According to the literature, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and Saccharomyces boulardii can effectively eradicate H. pylori infection. Our results showed that in addition to decrease gastrointestinal symptoms, probiotics can reduce the side effects of antibiotics (especially diarrhea) by altering the intestinal microbiome.

conclusionNevertheless, antagonist activities of probiotics are H. pylori strain-specific. In general, these bacteria can be used for therapeutic purposes such as adjuvant therapy, drug-delivery system, as well as enhancing immune system against H. pylori infection.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeHelicobacter InfectionsHelicobacter pyloriProbioticsHumansStomachGastric cancerHelicobacter pyloriLactobacillusPeptic ulcerProbiotic

Identifiers

PMID34670526
PMCPMC8527827
OpenAlexW3206807634

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.