ArticleScience advances2021
Homeostatic growth of dynamic covalent polymer network toward ultrafast direct soft lithography.
Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanochemical and machine-intelligent design of programmable materials: From molecular interactions to macroscale functionality.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Sub-10-nm imprint lithography on elastomers by chain translocated crystallization in nanochannels.Science advances · 2026Article
- Stretch-induced reversible self-growth of high aspect ratio microstructures scribed by femtosecond laser.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Engineering multifunctional surface topography to regulate multiple biological responses.Biomaterials · 2025Review
- Light-Regulated Microstructure Growth of Dynamic Hydrogels for Flexible Manufacturing of Microlens Arrays.Chem & bio engineering · 2025Article
- Controlled macroscopic shape evolution of self-growing polymeric materials.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Fabricating Microstructures on Freeform Surfaces via Flexible Hydrogel Micromolds.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Generation of precision microstructures based on reconfigurable photoresponsive hydrogels for high-resolution polymer replication and microoptics.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Reversibly growing crosslinked polymers with programmable sizes and properties.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Tailoring micro/nano-fibers for biomedical applications.Bioactive materials · 2023Review
- Force-triggered rapid microstructure growth on hydrogel surface for on-demand functions.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Soft lithography is a complementary extension of classical photolithography, which involves a multistep operation that is environmentally unfriendly and intrinsically limited to planar surfaces. Inspired by homeostasis processes in biology, we report a self-growth strategy toward direct soft lithography, bypassing conventional photolithography and its limitations. Our process uses a paraffin swollen light responsive dynamic polymer network. Selective light exposure activates the network locally, causing stress imbalance. This drives the internal redistribution of the paraffin liquid, yielding controllable formation of microstructures. This single-step process is completed in 10 seconds, does not involve any volatile solvents/reactants, and can be adapted to three-dimensional complex surfaces. The living nature of the network further allows sequential growth of hierarchical microstructures. The versatility and efficiency of our approach offer possibilities for future nanotechnologies beyond conventional microfabrication techniques.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.