Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34669197›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics2021

Diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease: 2021 update.

Hextan Y S Ngan, Michael J Seckl, Ross S Berkowitz, Yang Xiang, François Golfier, Paradan K Sekharan, John R Lurain, Leon Massuger

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
135citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
34.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

135 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 274 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Multiple pregnancy with complete hydatidiform mole and coexisting normal fetus: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes from non-randomized studies.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Molecular Basis of Hydatidiform Moles-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Trial
  8. Article
  9. Constructing anTranslational cancer research · 2026
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 8 institutions in 7 countries.

Hextan Y S NganDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
Michael J SecklDepartment of Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Trophoblastic Disease Center, Charing Cross Campus of Imperial College London, London, UK.
Ross S BerkowitzDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Yang XiangDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
François GolfierDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, French Trophoblastic Disease Reference Centre, Lyon University Hospital, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
Paradan K SekharanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Medical College, Calicut, India.
John R LurainJohn I. Brewer Trophoblastic Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Leon MassugerDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Government Medical College · INHarvard University · USImperial College London · GBNorthwestern University · USPeking Union Medical College Hospital · CNQueen Mary Hospital · CNRadboud University Medical Center · NLUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1 · FR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) arises from abnormal placenta and is composed of a spectrum of premalignant to malignant disorders. Changes in epidemiology of GTD have been noted in various countries. In addition to histology, molecular genetic studies can help in the diagnostic pathway. Earlier detection of molar pregnancy by ultrasound has resulted in changes in clinical presentation and decreased morbidity from uterine evacuation. Follow-up with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is essential for early diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). The duration of hCG monitoring varies depending on histological type and regression rate. Low-risk GTN (FIGO Stages I-III: score <7) is treated with single-agent chemotherapy but may require additional agents; although scores 5-6 are associated with more drug resistance, overall survival approaches 100%. High-risk GTN (FIGO Stages II-III: score ≥7 and Stage IV) is treated with multiagent chemotherapy, with or without adjuvant surgery for excision of resistant foci of disease or radiotherapy for brain metastases, achieving a survival rate of approximately 90%. Gentle induction chemotherapy helps reduce early deaths in patients with extensive tumor burden, but late mortality still occurs from recurrent treatment-resistant tumors.

Indexed as

Gestational Trophoblastic DiseaseHydatidiform MoleUterine NeoplasmsChorionic GonadotropinFemaleHumansInduction ChemotherapyNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalPregnancyChorionic Gonadotropinchoriocarcinomaepithelioid trophoblastic tumorFIGO Cancer Reportgestational trophoblastic diseasegestational trophoblastic neoplasiamolesplacental site trophoblastic tumor

Identifiers

PMID34669197
PMCPMC9298230
OpenAlexW3205128316

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.