ArticleJournal of integrative plant biology2021
Effective methods for isolation and purification of extracellular vesicles from plants.
Article in Journal of integrative plant biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extracellular vesicles released by in vitro plant cell cultures: emerging systems for vesicle-mediated communication and biomedical translation.Plant cell reports · 2026Review
- Fruit- and Vegetable-Derived Exosome-like Nanovesicles: A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Natural Product-Derived Vesicles in Nanotherapeutics.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and Translational Potential of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease.Cells · 2026Review
- Progress, Challenges, and Standardization Pathways in the Isolation and Purification Techniques of Plant-Derived Vesicles.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Past, Present, and Future of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Biomedical Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Tool in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Comparative Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle-Like Particles From Different ProcessingFood science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Cargo-driven extracellular vesicles as pharmaceutical nanocarriers: A pharmaceutics-oriented comparison of animal exosomes and plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- First evidence for isolation and characterization of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst-derived nanovesicles with anti-neuroblastoma potential.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Plant-Derived Nanovesicles: A Comprehensive Review from Isolation to Clinical Translation-Unlocking Natural Nanocarriers for Biomedical Applications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Extraction and Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles FromBio-protocol · 2026Article
- Plant-derived nanovesicles: the intelligent nanoplatforms for therapeutics and drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Separation and Characterization of Self-Assembled Nanoparticles fromAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Unveiling the Potential of Plant-derived Exosomes: A Comprehensive Review.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Biogenesis, preparation, characterization, therapeutic mechanisms and safety evaluation of plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery: A Unified Framework Integrating Extracellular Vesicles, Engineered Phytocarriers, Hybrid Platforms, and Bioinspired Systems.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Structural and Functional Characterization of EXPO-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Plants.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Flow Cytometry Role in Unlocking New Frontiers for Nanomedicine Applications of Plant-Derived Vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Review
- CtTLP13 Located in Extracellular Vesicles Enhances the Resistance of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) to Botrytis cinerea.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Plant extracellular vesicles (EVs) play critical roles in the cross-kingdom trafficking of molecules from hosts to interacting microbes, most notably in plant defense responses. However, the isolation of pure, intact EVs from plants remains challenging. A variety of methods have been utilized to isolate plant EVs from apoplastic washing fluid (AWF). Here, we compare published plant EV isolation methods, and provide our recommended method for the isolation and purification of plant EVs. This method includes a detailed protocol for clean AWF collection from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, followed by EV isolation via differential centrifugation. To further separate and purify specific subclasses of EVs from heterogeneous vesicle populations, density gradient ultracentrifugation and immunoaffinity capture are then utilized. We found that immunoaffinity capture is the most precise method for specific EV subclass isolation when suitable specific EV biomarkers and their corresponding antibodies are available. Overall, this study provides a guide for the selection and optimization of EV isolation methods for desired downstream applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.