ArticleDiabetologia2022
Type 2 diabetes risks and determinants in second-generation migrants and mixed ethnicity people of South Asian and African Caribbean descent in the UK.
Article in Diabetologia, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Realist review: understanding the challenges of medicine optimisation among older people from ethnic minority communities with polypharmacy in primary care.BMC geriatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Acceptability of community health worker and peer supported interventions for ethnic minorities with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative systematic review.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2024Pooled it
- Differential Pathophysiological Drivers of Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Ethnic Differences in Insulin Dynamics, Whole-Body Fat Metabolism, and Organ-Specific Lipid Deposition.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Ancestral diversity in complex disease genetics: from discovery to translation.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Review
- Ectopic Fat distribution and adverse muscle composition in South Asians: Findings from the UK biobank.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Race, ethnicity and ancestry in global diabetes research: grappling with complexity to advance equity and scientific integrity - a narrative review and viewpoint.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Conceptual Overview of Prevalence of Prediabetes.Current diabetes reviews · 2025Review
- Visceral-to-peripheral adiposity ratio: a critical determinant of sex and ethnic differences in cardiovascular risks among Asian Indians and African Creoles in Mauritius.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
- The emergence of common health conditions across the life course: evidence from the Born in Bradford family cohort.Wellcome open research · 2024Article
- Association between ethnicity and migration status with the prevalence of single and multiple long-term conditions in UK healthcare workers.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Antihypertensive Medication Use and Its Effects on Blood Pressure and Haemodynamics in a Tri-ethnic Population Cohort: Southall and Brent Revisited (SABRE).Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisExcess risks of type 2 diabetes in UK South Asians (SA) and African Caribbeans (AC) compared with Europeans remain unexplained. We studied risks and determinants of type 2 diabetes in first- and second-generation (born in the UK) migrants, and in those of mixed ethnicity.
methodsData from the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort of ~500,000 participants aged 40-69 at recruitment, were used. Type 2 diabetes was assigned using self-report and HbA
resultsType 2 diabetes prevalence was markedly elevated in SA (599/3317 = 18%) and AC (534/4180 = 13%) compared with Europeans (140/3324 = 4%). Prevalence was lower in second- vs first-generation SA (124/1115 = 11% vs 155/1115 = 14%) and AC (163/2200 = 7% vs 227/2200 = 10%). Favourable adiposity (i.e. lower waist/hip ratio or BMI) contributed to lower risk in second-generation migrants. Type 2 diabetes in mixed populations (MixESA: 52/831 = 6%, MixEAC: 70/1045 = 7%) was lower than in comparator ethnic groups (SA: 18%, AC: 13%) and higher than in Europeans (4%). Greater socioeconomic deprivation accounted for 17% and 42% of the excess type 2 diabetes risk in MixESA and MixEAC compared with Europeans, respectively. Replacing self-reported with genetically assigned ethnicity corroborated the mixed ethnicity analysis. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationType 2 diabetes risks in second-generation SA and AC migrants are a fifth lower than in first-generation migrants. Mixed ethnicity risks were markedly lower than SA and AC groups, though remaining higher than in Europeans. Distribution of environmental risk factors, largely obesity and socioeconomic status, appears to play a key role in accounting for ethnic differences in type 2 diabetes risk.
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