Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34667874›Full record

ArticleLearning health systems2021

The triple helix of clinical, research, and education missions in academic health centers: A qualitative study of diverse stakeholder perspectives.

Jed D Gonzalo, Michael Dekhtyar, Kelly J Caverzagie, Barbara K Grant, Steven K Herrine, Abraham M Nussbaum, Darlene Tad-Y, Earla White, Daniel R Wolpaw

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Learning health systems, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. [Medical training in research: A challenge].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Sociotechnical imaginaries in academic medicine strategic planning: a document analysis.Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice · 2024
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Jed D GonzaloDepartment of Medicine Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey Pennsylvania USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-2963
Michael DekhtyarMedical Education Outcomes, American Medical Association Chicago Illinois USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8548-3624
Kelly J CaverzagieOffice of Health Professions Education and Division of General Medicine-Academic University of Nebraska College of Medicine Omaha Nebraska USA.
Barbara K GrantOffice of Health Professions Education and Division of General Medicine-Academic University of Nebraska College of Medicine Omaha Nebraska USA.
Steven K HerrineDepartment of Medicine Sidney Kimmel Medical College Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA.
Abraham M NussbaumDepartment of Psychiatry University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA.
Darlene Tad-YMedicine-Hospital Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA.
Earla WhiteChair of the Undergraduate Medical Education Department A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona Mesa Arizona USA.
Daniel R WolpawDepartment of Medicine Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey Pennsylvania USA.
Pennsylvania State University · USUniversity of Nebraska at Omaha · USAmerican Medical Association · USA.T. Still University · USSidney Kimmel Cancer Center · USUniversity of Colorado Denver · USUniversity of Colorado Hospital · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAcademic health centers are poised to improve health through their clinical, education, and research missions. However, these missions often operate in silos. The authors explored stakeholder perspectives at diverse institutions to understand challenges and identify alignment strategies.

methodsAuthors used an exploratory qualitative design and thematic analysis approach with data obtained from electronic surveys sent to participants at five U.S. academic health centers (2017-18), with four different types of medical school/health system partnerships. Participants included educators, researchers, system leaders, administrators, clinical providers, resident/fellow physicians, and students. Investigators coded data using constant comparative analysis, met regularly to reconcile uncertainties, and collapsed/combined categories.

resultsOf 175 participants invited, 113 completed the survey (65%). Three results categories were identified. First, five higher-order themes emerged related to aligning missions, including (a) shared vision and strategies, (b) alignment of strategy with community needs, (c) tension of economic drivers, (d) coproduction of knowledge, and (e) unifying set of concepts spanning all missions. Second, strategies for each mission were identified, including education (new competencies, instructional methods, recruitment), research (shifting agenda, developing partnerships, operations), and clinical operations (delivery models, focus on patient factors/needs, value-based care, well-being). Lastly, strategies for integrating each dyadic mission pair, including research-education, clinical operations education, and research-clinical operations, were identified.

conclusionsAcademic health centers are at a crossroads in regard to identity and alignment across the tripartite missions. The study's results provide pragmatic strategies to advance the tripartite missions and lead necessary change for improved patient health.

Indexed as

academic health centersacademic medicinecoproductionhealth systems sciencelearning health system

Identifiers

PMID34667874
PMCPMC8512738
OpenAlexW3099224811

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.