Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34667480›Full record

ArticleResearch in autism spectrum disorders2020

Using community-engaged methods to adapt virtual reality job-interview training for transition-age youth on the autism spectrum.

Matthew J Smith, Rogério M Pinto, Leann Dawalt, J D Smith, Kari Sherwood, Rashun Miles, Julie Taylor, Kara Hume, Tamara Dawkins, Mary Baker-Ericzén and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Research in autism spectrum disorders, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Employment-Related Assistive Technology Needs in Autistic Adults: A Mixed-Methods Study.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025
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  14. Implementation Preparation Costs of Virtual Interview Training in Pre-Employment Transition Services: A Budget Impact Analysis.Journal of special education technology : a publication of Utah State University, the Association for Special Education Technology, and the Technology and Media Division of the Council for Exceptional Children · 2024
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  17. Perspective: The role of diversity advisory boards in autism research.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.

Matthew J SmithSchool of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Rogério M PintoSchool of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Leann DawaltSchool of Social Work, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
J D SmithDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Kari SherwoodSchool of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Rashun MilesSchool of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Julie TaylorDepartment of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medicine Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Kara HumeSchool of Education, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Tamara DawkinsTEACCH Autism Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Mary Baker-EriczénChild and Adolescent Services Research Center, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA.
Thomas FrazierAutism Speaks, New York, New York, USA.
Laura HummSIMmersion, LLC, Columbia, MD, USA.
Chris SteacySIMmersion, LLC, Columbia, MD, USA.
University of Michigan · USSIMmersion (United States) · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USAutism Speaks · USNorthwestern University · USRady Children's Hospital-San Diego · USUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison · USVanderbilt University Medical Center · US

Funding

High School SUCCESS: Vocational Soft Skills Program for Transition-Age ASD YouthR34MH111491 · NIMH · RADY CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL - SAN DIEGO · PI BAKER-ERICZEN, MARY J · 2017 to 2019
$801k
Virtual Job Interview Training for Transition Age Youth with ASDR34MH111531 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI SMITH, MATTHEW JAMES · 2017 to 2019
$734k
NIMH NIH HHS R34 MH111491NIMH NIH HHS R34 MH111531
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVirtual Reality Job-Interview Training (VR-JIT) is an efficacious Internet-based intervention for adults with severe mental illness (SMI). Evaluations of VR-JIT have shown improved interview skill and access to employment in several cohorts of adults with SMI and with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). VR-JIT trains participants how to fill out job applications and handle job interviews through e-learning content and applied practice. Trainees receive feedback through in-the-moment nonverbal cues, critiques, and recommendations for improving performance. Our study sought to adapt VR-JIT for transition-age youth with ASD (TAY-ASD).

methodsWe recruited TAY-ASD and adult stakeholders from public and charter schools, transition programs, and community service providers. Participants provided feedback on VR-JIT to enhance its applicability to TAY-ASD. We used community-engaged methods to process and analyze data from TAY-ASD and stakeholders, presented their quantitative and qualitative responses to community and scientific advisory boards for review and recommendations, and adapted the intervention design and content.

resultsOur adaptations included adding diversity (gender; race/ethnicity) to the virtual hiring manager; shortening the interview by reducing response options; increasing social storytelling to enhance engagement with VR-JIT core components; adding employment opportunities more relevant to younger workers; reducing the reading level; and making the e-learning content more accessible by adding bullet points, voiceover, and imagery/video; and adding new learning goals.

conclusionsThis study presents a rigorous and innovative community-engaged methodology for adapting VR-JIT to meet the needs of TAY-ASD. We review our engagement with TAY-ASD and stakeholders, and discuss the standardized coding scheme we used to adapt VR-JIT and the usefulness and limitations of employing this methodology in adapting other behavioral interventions.

Indexed as

AdaptationAutismImplementation scienceJob interviewingTransition-age youthVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID34667480
PMCPMC8523027
OpenAlexW2995349056

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.