ReviewSignal transduction and targeted therapy2021
Signaling pathways in the regulation of cytokine release syndrome in human diseases and intervention therapy.
Review in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Lung Microbiome Diversity, Infection Dynamics, and Microbe-Mediated Cross-Protection.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- A CD54-targeted magneto-responsive nanotheranostic for precision treatment of viral pneumonia via CTSB-mediated PANoptosis inhibition.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Glycan-based biological degraders targeting the cytokine immune axis.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Beyond the infusion: nursing at the vanguard of cytokine release syndrome rescue in CAR-T cell therapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Differential Cytokine Profiles in Prostate Cancer Under Treatment: Implications for Prognosis and Synergistic Therapy Design.Cancers · 2026Article
- Organic Semiconducting Polymers for Cancer Sonodynamic Immunotherapy.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Precision targeting of STING: Challenges, innovations, and clinical outlook for cancer therapy.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Emapalumab in pediatric patients with high-grade cytokine release syndrome associated with CAR T-cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dual Inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6R mitigates cytokine release syndrome via protection of endothelial integrity and reduction of organ damage in mouse models.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Macrophage-related immune responses to polyetherketoneketone bone implants: Single-cell transcriptome analysis.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Thermally Controlled State Switches for Engineered Macrophages.ACS synthetic biology · 2025Article
- Epigenetic metabolite lipid nanoparticles alleviate venous thrombosis via bone marrow reprogramming.Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis · 2025Article
- Interferons in Autoimmunity: From Loss of Tolerance to Chronic Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Advancing CAR-based cell therapies for solid tumours: challenges, therapeutic strategies, and perspectives.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment: synergistic mechanisms of antibody-drug conjugates and immune checkpoint inhibitors.Antibody therapeutics · 2025Review
- Machine Learning Reassessment of Serum Immune Factors Shows No Unique Immune Profiles Linked to Disease Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-infected Patients at Hospital Admittance.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Novel strategies to manage CAR-T cell toxicity.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) embodies a mixture of clinical manifestations, including elevated circulating cytokine levels, acute systemic inflammatory symptoms and secondary organ dysfunction, which was first described in the context of acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and was later observed in pandemics of influenza, SARS-CoV and COVID-19, immunotherapy of tumor, after chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy, and in monogenic disorders and autoimmune diseases. Particularly, severe CRS is a very significant and life-threatening complication, which is clinically characterized by persistent high fever, hyperinflammation, and severe organ dysfunction. However, CRS is a double-edged sword, which may be both helpful in controlling tumors/viruses/infections and harmful to the host. Although a high incidence and high levels of cytokines are features of CRS, the detailed kinetics and specific mechanisms of CRS in human diseases and intervention therapy remain unclear. In the present review, we have summarized the most recent advances related to the clinical features and management of CRS as well as cutting-edge technologies to elucidate the mechanisms of CRS. Considering that CRS is the major adverse event in human diseases and intervention therapy, our review delineates the characteristics, kinetics, signaling pathways, and potential mechanisms of CRS, which shows its clinical relevance for achieving both favorable efficacy and low toxicity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.