ArticleClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2021
An Allogeneic Multiple Myeloma GM-CSF-Secreting Vaccine with Lenalidomide Induces Long-term Immunity and Durable Clinical Responses in Patients in Near Complete Remission.
Article in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Review
- Natural and Engineered Cytokines as Cancer Therapeutics.Annual review of cancer biology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic anti-cancer vaccines: a systematic review of prospective intervention trials for common hematological malignancies.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Harnessing the tumor microenvironment: targeted cancer therapies through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Leveraging T cells for cancer immunotherapy.Immunity & inflammation · 2025Review
- Vaccines: a promising therapy for myelodysplastic syndrome.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Advances and challenges in anti-cancer vaccines for multiple myeloma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Invariant NKT cell-augmented GM-CSF-secreting tumor vaccine is effective in advanced prostate cancer model.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Article
- Immunotherapy approaches for hematological cancers.iScience · 2022Review
- Novel immunotherapies in multiple myeloma.International journal of hematology · 2022Review
- Immunotherapy for the treatment of multiple myeloma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Gut microbiome in multiple myeloma: Mechanisms of progression and clinical applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis proof-of-principle clinical trial evaluated whether an allogeneic multiple myeloma GM-CSF-secreting vaccine (MM-GVAX) in combination with lenalidomide could deepen the clinical response in patients with multiple myeloma in sustained near complete remission (nCR). PATIENTS AND
methodsFifteen patients on lenalidomide were treated with MM-GVAX and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV; Prevnar) at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months.
resultsEight patients (53.3%) achieved a true CR. With a median follow-up of 5 years, the median progression-free survival had not been reached, and the median overall survival was 7.8 years from enrollment. MM-GVAX induced clonal T-cell expansion and measurable cytokine responses that persisted up to 7 years in all patients. At baseline, a higher minimal residual disease was predictive of early relapse. After vaccination, a lack of both CD27
conclusionsMM-GVAX, along with lenalidomide, effectively primed durable immunity and resulted in long-term disease control, as suggested by the reappearance of a detectable, fluctuating M-spike without meeting the criteria for clinical relapse. For patients in a nCR, MM-GVAX administration was safe and resulted in prolonged clinical responses.
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Registered trials
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