ArticleBMJ open2021
Multilevel factors influencing contraceptive use and childbearing among adolescent girls in Bara district of Nepal: a qualitative study using the socioecological model.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond individual-level factors that influence family planning uptake among women with diabetes mellitus: a systematic literature review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Trends and Determinants of Unmet Need for Family Planning Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Aged 15-24 Years in Nepal: Evidence from Three Demographic and Health Surveys.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Article
- Supervised machine learning-based prediction of modern contraceptive use among sexually active women in Nepal.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Community-based family planning resources and modern contraceptive use among young women living with HIV in semi-rural northern Uganda: a mixed-method study.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Unveiling Mexico's Demographic Transitions.Studies in family planning · 2025Article
- Article
- Inequality in modern contraceptive use and unmet need for contraception among women of reproductive age in Zambia. A trend and decomposition analysis 2007-2018.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- Adolescent girls and young women's (AGYW) access to and use of contraception services in Cape Town: perspectives from AGYW and health care providers.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Article
- "I don't want my marriage to end": a qualitative investigation of the sociocultural factors influencing contraceptive use among married Rohingya women residing in refugee camps in Bangladesh.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- Socio-sexual norms and young people's sexual health in urban Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan: A qualitative scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Challenges of maternity continuum of care within the primary health care in northwest Ethiopia: interpretive description using a socio-ecological model.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Examining the influence of Mother-in-law on family planning use in South Asia: insights from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- "Can't live willingly": A thematic synthesis of qualitative evidence exploring how early marriage and early pregnancy affect experiences of pregnancy in South Asia.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to identify the multilevel factors that influence contraceptive use and childbearing decisions in Nepal and examine relationships among these factors.
designThe study drew on qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) and triangulated results.
settingAn urban municipality and a rural municipality in Bara district, Nepal.
participantsWe recruited a total of 60 participants (e.g., 20 married adolescent girls aged 15-19, 20 husbands, 20 mothers-in-law) for IDIs and 10 (e.g., four healthcare providers, three health coordinators, three female community health volunteers) for KIIs.
resultsMarried adolescent girls faced a range of barriers that are inter-related across different levels. Patriarchal norms and power imbalances between spouses limited their decision-making power regarding contraception. Social pressures to give birth soon after marriage drove the fear of infertility, abandonment and the stigmatisation of childless married couples, which leads to lack of women's autonomy in making decisions about family planning. Mothers-in-law and religion exerted considerable influence over couples' decisions regarding contraception. Limited access to information about the benefits and methods of family planning contributed to fear of the side effects of contraceptives and low awareness about the risks involved in adolescent pregnancy.
conclusionsThe convergent results from triangulation confirm that the decision to postpone childbearing is not merely the personal choice of an individual or a couple, highlighting the importance of targeting families and communities. The study underscores the need to challenge restrictive sociocultural norms so that adolescent girls become empowered to exercise greater control over contraceptive use.
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