Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34666988›Full record

ArticleBMJ global health2021

Systematic analysis of authorship demographics in global surgery.

Krithi Ravi, Zineb Bentounsi, Aiman Tariq, Aurelia Brazeal, Davina Daudu, Francesca Back, Muhammed Elhadi, Nermin Badwi, Sayed Shah Nur Hussein Shah, Soham Bandyopadhyay and 52 more

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Article in BMJ global health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Variations in Author Gender in Obstetrics Disease Prevalence Literature: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Pooled it
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  9. Global Authorship Representation in Otolaryngology Clinical Trials.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

62 authors.

Krithi RaviUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK drkrithi.ravi@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0001-5732-3511
Zineb BentounsiUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
Aiman Tariq *National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.
Aurelia Brazeal *Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Davina Daudu *The University of Western Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Francesca Back *University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK.
Muhammed Elhadi *University of Tripoli Faculty of Medicine, Tripoli, Libya.
Nermin Badwi *Zagazig University Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt.
Sayed Shah Nur Hussein Shah *University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Soham Bandyopadhyay *Oxford University Global Surgery Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6553-3842
Halimah Khalil *Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK.
Hitomi Kimura *University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Mama Ntiriwa Sekyi-Djan *Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, UK.
Ahmed Abdelrahman *South Valley University Faculty of Medicine, Qena, Egypt.
Ahmed Shaheen *Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt.
Aime Gilbert Mbonda Noula *University of Yaounde I Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaounde, Cameroon.
Ai-Ting Wong *Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Rondebosch, South Africa.
Aliyu Ndajiwo *General Hospital, Minna, Nigeria.
Amine Souadka *National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Ann Nyandia Maina *University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Arsene Daniel Nyalundja *Universite Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Congo.
Aya Sabry *Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Bourja Hind *Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco.
Daniel Safari Nteranya *Department of Surgery, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Congo.
Dorcas Wambui Ngugi *Kenya Methodist University, Meru, Kenya.
Elsa de Wet *University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Engy Amgad Tolis *Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt.
F Z Wafqui *Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Casablanca, Morocco.
Hajar Essangri *National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Hajar Moujtahid *Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Husna Moola *University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
Kapil Narain *University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa.
Krupa Ravi *University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK.
Kyrillos Wassim *Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-2954-1236
Lucianne A Odiero *University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Lucina Stephanie Nyaboke *University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Maram Metwalli *Alexandria Main University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt.
Maryanne Naisiae *University of Nairobi College of Health Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya.
Miriam Gerd Pueschel *Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Nafisa Turabi *Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur, India.
Nouhaila El Aroussi *Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Omar Mohamed Makram *Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0001-8361-9068
Omar A Shawky *Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
Oumaima Outani *Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Peter Carides *University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa.
Poorvaprabha Patil *Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Richard P Halley-Stott *Mahikeng Provincial Hospital, Mahikeng, South Africa.
Sabina Kurbegovic *Medical Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Samantha Marchant *Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa.
Sara Moujtahid *Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco.
Soukaina El Hadrati *Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Tanishq Agarwal *D Y Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
Valerie Atonya Kidavasi *University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Vrinda Agarwal *D Y Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
Wilme Steyn *Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Bertsham, South Africa.
Winnie Matumo *University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Youssef Ahmed Fahmy *South Valley University Faculty of Medicine, Qena, Egypt.
Zaayid Omar *Rondebosch Medical Centre, Cape Town, South Africa.
Zachary Amod *University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
Madelein Eloff *University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa.
Nafisa Agil Hussein *University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Dhananjaya SharmaDepartment of Surgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlobal surgery has recently gained prominence as an academic discipline within global health. Authorship inequity has been a consistent feature of global health publications, with over-representation of authors from high-income countries (HICs), and disenfranchisement of researchers from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this study, we investigated authorship demographics within recently published global surgery literature.

methodsWe performed a systematic analysis of author characteristics, including gender, seniority and institutional affiliation, for global surgery studies published between 2016 and 2020 and indexed in the PubMed database. We compared the distribution of author gender and seniority across studies related to different topics; between authors affiliated with HICs and LMICs; and across studies with different authorship networks.

results1240 articles were included for analysis. Most authors were male (60%), affiliated only with HICs (51%) and of high seniority (55% were fully qualified specialist or generalist clinicians, Principal Investigators, or in senior leadership or management roles). The proportion of male authors increased with increasing seniority for last and middle authors. Studies related to Obstetrics and Gynaecology had similar numbers of male and female authors, whereas there were more male authors in studies related to surgery (69% male) and Anaesthesia and Critical care (65% male). Compared with HIC authors, LMIC authors had a lower proportion of female authors at every seniority grade. This gender gap among LMIC middle authors was reduced in studies where all authors were affiliated only with LMICs.

conclusionAuthorship disparities are evident within global surgery academia. Remedial actions to address the lack of authorship opportunities for LMIC authors and female authors are required.

Indexed as

AuthorshipDeveloping CountriesDemographyFemaleGlobal HealthHumansIncomeMalehealth services researchobstetricsother study designsurgery

Identifiers

PMID34666988
PMCPMC8527109

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