ArticleBJGP open2022
Routinely asking patients about income in primary care: a mixed-methods study.
Article in BJGP open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Paradoxes of Social Care: Reframing Apparent Conflicts.Annals of family medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Implementing the screening for poverty and related social determinants and intervening to improve knowledge of and links to resources (SPARK) in primary care clinics across Canada.Family practice · 2026Article
- Understanding patient preferences on providing sociodemographic information in an acute care setting: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Effect of disability, homelessness, and neighborhood marginalization on risk adjustment for hospital performance measurement.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Testing regular expression searches and machine learning models to determine housing instability and low income status from primary care electronic medical record data in Toronto, Ontario.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Primary health care professionals' experiences of using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator: an interview study.Primary health care research & development · 2025Article
- Collecting sociodemographic data in primary care: qualitative interviews in community health centres.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Discussing poverty within primary care consultations: implications for mental health support.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Article
- Screening for poverty and related social determinants to improve knowledge of and links to resources (SPARK): development and cognitive testing of a tool for primary care.BMC primary care · 2023Article
- Do patients want clinicians to ask about social needs and include this information in their medical record?BMC health services research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncome is a key social determinant of health, yet it is rare for data on income to be routinely collected and integrated with electronic health records.
aimTo examine response bias and evaluate patient perspectives of being asked about income in primary care. DESIGN &
settingMixed-methods study in a large, multi-site primary care organisation in Toronto, Canada, where patients are asked about income in a routinely administered sociodemographic survey.
methodData were examined from the electronic health records of patients who answered at least one question on the survey between December 2013 and March 2016 (
resultsA total of 10 441 (73%) patients responded to both parts of the income question:
conclusionMany patients will provide data on income in the context of a survey in primary care, but accurately estimating income can be challenging. Future research should compare self-reported income to perceived financial strain. Data on income linked to health records can help identify health inequities and help target anti-poverty interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.