Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34666788›Full record

ArticleThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2021

Cardiorespiratory fitness and lifestyle on severe COVID-19 risk in 279,455 adults: a case control study.

Elin Ekblom-Bak, Daniel Väisänen, Björn Ekblom, Victoria Blom, Lena V Kallings, Erik Hemmingsson, Gunnar Andersson, Peter Wallin, Jane Salier Eriksson, Tobias Holmlund and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK: A Qualitative Analysis of Free-Text Survey Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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  20. Oxygen uptake kinetics and chronotropic responses to exercise are impaired in survivors of severe COVID-19.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Elin Ekblom-BakDepartment of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden. Elin.Ekblom@gih.se.ORCID 0000-0002-3901-7833
Daniel VäisänenDepartment of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
Björn EkblomDepartment of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
Victoria BlomDepartment of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lena V KallingsDepartment of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
Erik HemmingssonDepartment of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
Gunnar AnderssonResearch Department, HPI Health Profile Institute, PO Box 35, 182 11, Danderyd, Sweden.
Peter WallinResearch Department, HPI Health Profile Institute, PO Box 35, 182 11, Danderyd, Sweden.
Jane Salier ErikssonDepartment of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
Tobias HolmlundDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institute, 141 83, Stockholm, Sweden.
Magnus LindwallDepartment of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
Andreas StenlingDepartment of Psychology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
Amanda LönnDepartment of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences · SEKarolinska Institutet · SEUniversity of Agder · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and other lifestyle-related factors on severe COVID-19 risk is understudied. The present study aims to investigate lifestyle-related and socioeconomic factors as possible predictors of COVID-19, with special focus on CRF, and to further study whether these factors may attenuate obesity- and hypertension-related risks, as well as mediate associations between socioeconomic factors and severe COVID-19 risk.

methodsOut of initially 407,131 participants who participated in nationwide occupational health service screening between 1992 and 2020, n = 857 cases (70% men, mean age 49.9 years) of severe COVID-19 were identified. CRF was estimated using a sub-maximum cycle test, and other lifestyle variables were self-reported. Analyses were performed including both unmatched, n = 278,598, and sex-and age-matched, n = 3426, controls. Severe COVID-19 included hospitalization, intensive care or death due to COVID-19.

resultsPatients with more severe COVID-19 had significantly lower CRF, higher BMI, a greater presence of comorbidities and were more often daily smokers. In matched analyses, there was a graded decrease in odds for severe COVID-19 with each ml in CRF (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.970 to 0.998), and a two-fold increase in odds between the lowest and highest (< 32 vs. ≥ 46 ml·min

conclusionsBoth lifestyle-related and socioeconomic factors were associated with risk of severe COVID-19. However, higher CRF attenuated the risk associated with obesity and high blood pressure, and mediated the risk associated with various socioeconomic factors. This emphasises the importance of interventions to maintain or increase CRF in the general population to strengthen the resilience to severe COVID-19, especially in high-risk individuals.

Indexed as

Cardiorespiratory FitnessCOVID-19AdultCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansLife StyleMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2Cardiorespiratory fitnessLifestyleObesitySevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Socioeconomics

Identifiers

PMID34666788
PMCPMC8524225
OpenAlexW3206348435

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.