ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2021
Engineering Extracellular Vesicles Enriched with Palmitoylated ACE2 as COVID-19 Therapy.
Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Unfractionated Heparin Dose on Complement Activation and Selected Extracellular Vesicle Populations during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Trial
- Extracellular Vesicles as Molecular Regulators of Viral Infection: Implications for COVID-19 and Future Viral Pandemics.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Palmitic Acid Promotes Antiviral Innate Immunity via ZDHHC20-Mediated CMPK2 Palmitoylation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Unexpected Visibility of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Reveals a Hidden Route of Surface Trafficking.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- S-palmitoylation and depalmitoylation at the interface of animal virus-host interactions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The function and mechanism of protein acylation in the regulation of viral infection.Virulence · 2025Review
- Recent advances in S-palmitoylation and its emerging roles in human diseases.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Palmitoylation: an emerging therapeutic target bridging physiology and disease.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- Quantitative characterisation of extracellular vesicles designed to decoy or compete with SARS-CoV-2 reveals differential mode of action across variants of concern and highlights the diversity of Omicron.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Palmitoylation Transduces the Regulation of Epidermal Growth Factor to Organic Anion Transporter 3.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of palmitoylation in sepsis: mechanistic insights and future perspectives.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 13-mediated S-palmitoylation of GNA13 from Sertoli cell-derived extracellular vesicles inhibits autophagy in spermatogonial stem cells.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Review
- Engineered Extracellular Vesicles as a New Class of Nanomedicine.Chem & bio engineering · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles for Disease Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- An ACE2 PET imaging agent derived fromEJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2024Article
- An extracellular vesicle delivery platform based on the PTTG1IP protein.Extracellular vesicle · 2024Article
- Lysosomal "TRAP": a neotype modality for clearance of viruses and variants.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Recent Advances on the Regulations of Organic Anion Transporters.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Pathogen-binding nanoparticles to inhibit host cell infection by heparan sulfate and sialic acid dependent viruses and protozoan parasites.Smart medicine · 2024Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key receptor present on cell surfaces that directly interacts with the viral spike (S) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is proposed that inhibiting this interaction can be promising in treating COVID-19. Here, the presence of ACE2 in extracellular vesicles (EVs) is reported and the EV-ACE2 levels are determined by protein palmitoylation. The Cys141 and Cys498 residues on ACE2 are S-palmitoylated by zinc finger DHHC-Type Palmitoyltransferase 3 (ZDHHC3) and de-palmitoylated by acyl protein thioesterase 1 (LYPLA1), which is critical for the membrane-targeting of ACE2 and their EV secretion. Importantly, by fusing the S-palmitoylation-dependent plasma membrane (PM) targeting sequence with ACE2, EVs enriched with ACE2 on their surface (referred to as PM-ACE2-EVs) are engineered. It is shown that PM-ACE2-EVs can bind to the SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD with high affinity and block its interaction with cell surface ACE2 in vitro. PM-ACE2-EVs show neutralization potency against pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2 in human ACE2 (hACE2) transgenic mice, efficiently block viral load of authentic SARS-CoV-2, and thus protect host against SARS-CoV-2-induced lung inflammation. The study provides an efficient engineering protocol for constructing a promising, novel biomaterial for application in prophylactic and therapeutic treatments against COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.