ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2021
Enhanced IL-2 in early life limits the development of TFH and protective antiviral immunity.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Total Immunoglobulin G Variation Through the Phenological Cycle of Migrant and Resident Lesser Long-Nosed Bats (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) in the Drylands of Mexico and Its Relationship With Bacterial Killing-Ability of Plasma.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2026Article
- Vaccine Responses in Early Age.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): A Comprehensive Overview From Basic Biology to Clinical Prevention and Control.Medicinal research reviews · 2026Review
- IL-2 silencing enables Tfh cell expansion during vaccination but is redundant for antibody production.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- A Human Lymph node-on-a-Chip for Personalized Evaluation of Vaccine Immunogenicity.Research square · 2026Article
- Targeting DAP5 Disrupts Alternate Mode of Translational Initiation in Tregs and Potentiates Antitumor Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- CXCL13 and IL-33 as Immunomodulatory Adjuvants Combined with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion (RSV F) Protein to Enhance Mucosal RSV Vaccination.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Help me help you: emerging concepts in T follicular helper cell differentiation, identity, and function.Current opinion in immunology · 2024Review
- Interleukin-2 signaling in the regulation of T cell biology in autoimmunity and cancer.Immunity · 2024Review
- IL6 suppresses vaccine responses in neonates by enhancing IL2 activity on T follicular helper cells.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Interleukin-2 gene methylation levels and interleukin-2 levels associated with environmental exposure as risk biomarkers for preterm birth.Croatian medical journal · 2023Article
- T helper 2 cells in asthma.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Review
- IL-6 and IL-27 play both distinct and redundant roles in regulating CD4 T-cell responses during chronic viral infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- C-type lectin receptor agonists elicit functional IL21-expressing Tfh cells and induce primary B cell responses in neonates.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- BCL6 deletion in CD4 T cells does not affect Th2 effector mediated immunity in the skin.Immunology and cell biology · 2022Article
- Review
- Neonatal Immune Responses to Respiratory Viruses.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Age-dependent nasal immune responses in non-hospitalized bronchiolitis children.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Exploring Key Genes and Mechanisms in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected BALB/c MiceFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
T follicular helper cell (TFH)-dependent antibody responses are critical for long-term immunity. Antibody responses are diminished in early life, limiting long-term protective immunity and allowing prolonged or recurrent infection, which may be important for viral lung infections that are highly prevalent in infancy. In a murine model using respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), we show that TFH and the high-affinity antibody production they promote are vital for preventing disease on RSV reinfection. Following a secondary RSV infection, TFH-deficient mice had significantly exacerbated disease characterized by delayed viral clearance, increased weight loss, and immunopathology. TFH generation in early life was compromised by heightened IL-2 and STAT5 signaling in differentiating naive T cells. Neutralization of IL-2 during early-life RSV infection resulted in a TFH-dependent increase in antibody-mediated immunity and was sufficient to limit disease severity upon reinfection. These data demonstrate the importance of TFH in protection against recurrent RSV infection and highlight a mechanism by which this is suppressed in early life.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.