Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34664653›Full record

ReviewEpidemiologic reviews2022

Monte Carlo Simulation Approaches for Quantitative Bias Analysis: A Tutorial.

Hailey R Banack, Eleanor Hayes-Larson, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Epidemiologic reviews, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Substituting blood-based biomarkers for imaging measures in Alzheimer's disease studies: implications for sample size and bias.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Evidence triangulation in health research.European journal of epidemiology · 2025
    Article
  10. Early age-related changes to articular cartilage TOsteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2025
    Article
  11. Collider stratification bias II: magnitude of bias.American journal of epidemiology · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hailey R Banack
Eleanor Hayes-Larson
Elizabeth Rose Mayeda

Funding

Racial Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: The Role of Blood Pressure Throughout AdulthoodR00AG053410 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI MAYEDA, ELIZABETH ROSE · 2018 to 2020
$710k
NIA NIH HHS R00 AG053410
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Quantitative bias analysis can be used to empirically assess how far study estimates are from the truth (i.e., an estimate that is free of bias). These methods can be used to explore the potential impact of confounding bias, selection bias (collider stratification bias), and information bias. Quantitative bias analysis includes methods that can be used to check the robustness of study findings to multiple types of bias and methods that use simulation studies to generate data and understand the hypothetical impact of specific types of bias in a simulated data set. In this article, we review 2 strategies for quantitative bias analysis: 1) traditional probabilistic quantitative bias analysis and 2) quantitative bias analysis with generated data. An important difference between the 2 strategies relates to the type of data (real vs. generated data) used in the analysis. Monte Carlo simulations are used in both approaches, but the simulation process is used for different purposes in each. For both approaches, we outline and describe the steps required to carry out the quantitative bias analysis and also present a bias-analysis tutorial demonstrating how both approaches can be applied in the context of an analysis for selection bias. Our goal is to highlight the utility of quantitative bias analysis for practicing epidemiologists and increase the use of these methods in the epidemiologic literature.

Indexed as

Monte Carlo MethodBiasComputer SimulationHumansSelection Biasbias analysisconfoundingmeasurement errormisclassificationMonte Carlo samplingselection biassimulation study

Identifiers

PMID34664653
PMCPMC9005059

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.