ArticleImmunology and cell biology2021
Vaccine-induced immune thrombosis and thrombocytopenia syndrome following adenovirus-vectored severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination: a novel hypothesis regarding mechanisms and implications for future vaccine development.
Article in Immunology and cell biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adenovirus vectors can infect mouse megakaryocytes - implications for vaccine-induced thrombosis/thrombocytopenia.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- Achievement and Challenges in Orthohantavirus Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Relationship Between COVID-19 and Retinal Vein Occlusions.Journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Single cell characteristics of patients with vaccine-related adverse reactions following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Viral vectored vaccines: design, development, preventive and therapeutic applications in human diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths after vaccination: a cohort event monitoring study, Islamic Republic of Iran.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2022Article
- Lobar bleeding with ventricular rupture shortly after first dosage of an mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.Brain hemorrhages · 2022Article
- Review
- MVA-CoV2-S Vaccine Candidate Neutralizes Distinct Variants of Concern and Protects Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hamsters.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Poxvirus MVA Expressing SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Induces Robust Immunity and Protects Rhesus Macaques From SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We hypothesize that thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome recently described after administration of adenovirus-vectored vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurs as a result of the unique properties of the adenovirus vectors, which can have widespread biodistribution throughout the body. The antigen is delivered to megakaryocyte cells, which act as part of the primary immune system and distribute the antigen within progeny platelets, also a key component of the immune system. The interaction of the antigen induces preformed antiplatelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies to bind to PF4-heparan sulfate complexes in the absence of exogenous heparin, at sites where the heparan sulfate concentration in the vascular glycocalyx is optimal for complex formation, causing thrombosis and thrombocytopenia as observed clinically. This hypothesis is testable in cell culture and animal models, and potentially in vivo, and if proven correct has significant implications for vaccine development and our understanding of the links between the coagulation and immune systems.
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