Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34664206›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutical research2021

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Rosuvastatin to Predict Transporter-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions.

Nina Hanke, José David Gómez-Mantilla, Naoki Ishiguro, Peter Stopfer, Valerie Nock

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
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  13. A Mechanistic Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach for fexofenadine: predictive pharmacokinetic insights in humans.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nina HankeTranslational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany. nina.hanke@boehringer-ingelheim.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6166-8838
José David Gómez-MantillaTranslational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany.
Naoki IshiguroKobe Pharma Research Institute, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd, Kobe, Japan.
Peter StopferTranslational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany.
Valerie NockTranslational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo build a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of the clinical OATP1B1/OATP1B3/BCRP victim drug rosuvastatin for the investigation and prediction of its transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs).

methodsThe Rosuvastatin model was developed using the open-source PBPK software PK-Sim®, following a middle-out approach. 42 clinical studies (dosing range 0.002-80.0 mg), providing rosuvastatin plasma, urine and feces data, positron emission tomography (PET) measurements of tissue concentrations and 7 different rosuvastatin DDI studies with rifampicin, gemfibrozil and probenecid as the perpetrator drugs, were included to build and qualify the model.

resultsThe carefully developed and thoroughly evaluated model adequately describes the analyzed clinical data, including blood, liver, feces and urine measurements. The processes implemented to describe the rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics and DDIs are active uptake by OATP2B1, OATP1B1/OATP1B3 and OAT3, active efflux by BCRP and Pgp, metabolism by CYP2C9 and passive glomerular filtration. The available clinical rifampicin, gemfibrozil and probenecid DDI studies were modeled using in vitro inhibition constants without adjustments. The good prediction of DDIs was demonstrated by simulated rosuvastatin plasma profiles, DDI AUC

conclusionsA whole-body PBPK model of rosuvastatin was built and qualified for the prediction of rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics and transporter-mediated DDIs. The model is freely available in the Open Systems Pharmacology model repository, to support future investigations of rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics, rosuvastatin therapy and DDI studies during model-informed drug discovery and development (MID3).

Indexed as

Drug InteractionsModels, BiologicalRosuvastatin CalciumAdultAge FactorsArea Under CurveATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2Biological TransportBody HeightBody WeightEthnicityFecesGemfibrozilHumansLiverLiver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1ABCG2 protein, humanATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2GemfibrozilLiver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1Neoplasm ProteinsProbenecidRifampinRosuvastatin CalciumSLCO1B1 protein, humanSLCO1B3 protein, humanSolute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B3Drug-drug interactions (DDIs)Model-informed drug discovery and development (MID3)Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1/1B3 (OATP1B1/1B3)Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK)Rosuvastatin

Identifiers

PMID34664206
PMCPMC8602162

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.