ReviewThe Lancet regional health. Europe2021
Climate change and infectious disease in Europe: Impact, projection and adaptation.
Review in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review investigating emerging trends between Extreme Weather Events (EWEs) and infectious disease outbreaks in South Africa.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Emergence and spread of Hyalomma ticks and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Europe: a systematic review.Parasites & vectors · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analyses of Culex blood-meals indicates strong regional effect on feeding patterns.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Building a One Health mobile laboratory workforce: strengthening public health preparedness across Europe and Africa.Human resources for health · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence risk prediction model for common respiratory pathogens in China based on heterogeneous multi-source clinical and geographic data: A modeling study.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Arboviruses Beyond Traditional Boundaries: Climate-Driven Vector Expansion and Emerging One Health Risks.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fine-scale heterogeneity and local amplification of West Nile virus in urban environments in Berlin.Nature communications · 2026Article
- CLUES A Comprehensive Workflow for Integrating Geospatial Data in Biomedical Research.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Precipitation variability, fertility, and metabolic stress over 5 millennia in the ancient Andes: A bioarchaeological path analysis.Science advances · 2026Article
- Descriptive Epidemiological Analysis of West Nile Virus Human Infections in Italy: A Surveillance-based Study (2018-2023).Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Climate change worry, awareness and general anxiety in medical students: a multicentre cross-sectional study with implications for medical curricula.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Hungary as a source of West Nile virus diversity and spread in Europe: insights from the 2024 transmission season.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Projecting tick-borne encephalitis risk in Sweden under climate change scenarios: a high-resolution spatio-temporal modeling approach.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Syndromic Surveillance-Review on Different Practices' Performance and Added Value for Public Health.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Climate change and water-related diseases: a bibliometric, knowledge map, topic modeling, and content analysis.Journal of water and health · 2026Article
- A blood safety perspective on emerging arboviral infections in the United Kingdom.Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Safeguarding future generations: a One Health perspective on children, climate change, and infectious threats.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- [The impact of global change on infectious disease epidemiology].Atencion primaria · 2026Article
- Mapping the global public health intelligence landscape: a multiregional cross-sectional survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Predicting the incidence of common intestinal infectious diseases in Changzhou, China based on environmental factors and deep learning.BMC public health · 2025Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Europeans are not only exposed to direct effects from climate change, but also vulnerable to indirect effects from infectious disease, many of which are climate sensitive, which is of concern because of their epidemic potential. Climatic conditions have facilitated vector-borne disease outbreaks like chikungunya, dengue, and West Nile fever and have contributed to a geographic range expansion of tick vectors that transmit Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis. Extreme precipitation events have caused waterborne outbreaks and longer summer seasons have contributed to increases in foodborne diseases. Under the Green Deal, The European Union aims to support climate change health policy, in order to be better prepared for the next health security threat, particularly in the aftermath of the traumatic COVID-19 experience. To bolster this policy process we discuss climate change-related hazards, exposures and vulnerabilities to infectious disease and describe observed impacts, projected risks, with policy entry points for adaptation to reduce these risks or avoid them altogether.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.