ArticleNature immunology2021
Transmission of trained immunity and heterologous resistance to infections across generations.
Article in Nature immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paternal cytokine administration alters sperm small ncRNAs and offspring brain and behavior.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Review
- Monocyte/macrophage-mediated trained immunity in disease prevention and immunotherapy.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Epigenetic-Genetic Coupling and Understanding the Molecular and Cellular Basis of Lamarckian Inheritance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- β-Glucan training induces stimulus-dependent immune and metabolic modulation in head kidney leukocytes that persists for several days in Atlantic salmon (Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Interactions between Innate Immune Memory and the Central Nervous System.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2026Review
- Editorial: Exploring immune memory dynamics in chronic antigen exposure and disease progression: implications for immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Maternal acute SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs preimplantation embryo development and reprograms the early offspring hematopoietic system.Cell discovery · 2025Article
- Interplay of miR-243 and microbial interactions in aging and transgenerational immunity.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Trained Immunity in Health and Disease.MedComm · 2025Review
- Memory in Misfire: The Gut Microbiome-Trained Immunity Circuit in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cross-kingdom mechanisms of trained immunity in plant systemic acquired resistance.Nature plants · 2025Review
- Review
- Immune-Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Pollutants: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Transgenerational Impact.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Trained immunity in the lung.eLife · 2025Review
- Trained immunity alleviates the progression of melanoma during sepsis-associated immunoparalysis.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Dad's legacy: Epigenetic reprogramming and paternal inflammatory memory in offspring health.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- Inherited burdens: the cardiac cost of parental obesity in offspring following myocardial infarction.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Article
- Molecular probes for in vivo optical imaging of immune cells.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- Hematopoietic stem cell state and fate in trained immunity.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
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- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
20 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intergenerational inheritance of immune traits linked to epigenetic modifications has been demonstrated in plants and invertebrates. Here we provide evidence for transmission of trained immunity across generations to murine progeny that survived a sublethal systemic infection with Candida albicans or a zymosan challenge. The progeny of trained mice exhibited cellular, developmental, transcriptional and epigenetic changes associated with the bone marrow-resident myeloid effector and progenitor cell compartment. Moreover, the progeny of trained mice showed enhanced responsiveness to endotoxin challenge, alongside improved protection against systemic heterologous Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes infections. Sperm DNA of parental male mice intravenously infected with the fungus C. albicans showed DNA methylation differences linked to immune gene loci. These results provide evidence for inheritance of trained immunity in mammals, enhancing protection against infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.