ReviewNature protocols2021
Controlling the polarity of human gastrointestinal organoids to investigate epithelial biology and infectious diseases.
Review in Nature protocols, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 147 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed.
- Animal organoids as models for integrated One Health research.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Proteomic and functional profiling of suspended jejunal enteroids reveals pharmacokinetic fidelity to native intestine.iScience · 2026Article
- Tutorial: interrogating biology using organoid technologies.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Helicobacter pylori-Induced Persistent IGF2BP1 Activation Promotes Ferroptosis Resistance in Gastric Tumorigenesis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota Alter Colonic Expression of Genes Encoding Drug Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Photonic-crystal hydraulic manometry quantifies epithelial basal compression for rapid, label-free functional screening.Science advances · 2026Article
- Breaking the Barrier: Pro-inflammatory Stool from Infants with CHD Triggers Barrier Dysfunction within Intestinal Organoids.Research square · 2026Article
- Intestinal Organoids as Models to Study Viruses: Current Application and Future Perspective.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Apical-out polarity in epithelial spheroids requires α6β4 integrins, cell proliferation and anchorage independence.Journal of cell science · 2026Article
- New developments and applications of human organoids.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Inducing physiological polarity and performing gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 in human trophoblast organoids.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Helicobacter pylori infection activates the HIF-1α/ALS2/Rab5 signaling axis in gastric cells.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Bridging the gap: organotypic models to study late-onset group B streptococcus infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Tumor organoid platform design for drug response modeling: culture architecture, microenvironmental complexity, and AI-assisted readouts.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Review
- Thermoreversible cell-derived extracellular matrix only hydrogel (CEOgel): Development, characterization, and applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Image Tracing of Inflammatory Intestinal Organoids via Computational Clearing.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mouse Lacrimal Gland Ductal Organoids With Controlled Polarity: A Novel Ex Vivo Research Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Microbiome-produced nicotinic acid controls colon regional identity and injury susceptibility.Cell · 2026Article
- Article
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human epithelial organoids-3D spheroids derived from adult tissue stem cells-enable investigation of epithelial physiology and disease and host interactions with microorganisms, viruses and bioactive molecules. One challenge in using organoids is the difficulty in accessing the apical, or luminal, surface of the epithelium, which is enclosed within the organoid interior. This protocol describes a method we previously developed to control human and mouse organoid polarity in suspension culture such that the apical surface faces outward to the medium (apical-out organoids). Our protocol establishes apical-out polarity rapidly (24-48 h), preserves epithelial integrity, maintains secretory and absorptive functions and allows regulation of differentiation. Here, we provide a detailed description of the organoid polarity reversal method, compatible characterization assays and an example of an application of the technology-specifically the impact of host-microbe interactions on epithelial function. Control of organoid polarity expands the possibilities of organoid use in gastrointestinal and respiratory health and disease research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.