ReviewInternational journal of impotence research2023
Cosmetic labiaplasty on minors: a review of current trends and evidence.
Review in International journal of impotence research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expanding Clinical Deliberation: Affective Embodiment in Cosmetic Gynaecology.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics of adolescents and young adults requesting labiaplasty - A Finnish cross-sectional study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Perception of aesthetic procedures applied to the vulva in the context of the medical specialty of gynecology and obstetrics.Sexual medicine · 2026Article
- Behind the Decision: Exploring Motivations, and Psychological and Sexual Outcomes of Labiaplasty.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Clinical, Ethical, and Legal Considerations Raised by Self-Reported Genital Mutilation Following Voluntary Cosmetic Labiaplasty.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Labiaplasty in Minors: Medicalizing Mutilation?Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Examining the Morphology of External Genitalia in Iranian Women: A Labiagram-based Study in Iran and its Influence on Patients' Self-Satisfaction.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Observational
- Exploring the decision-making process of female genital cosmetic procedures in Iranian women and constructing and validating a results-based logic model for a healthy public policy: a study protocol.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- Beyond Motivations: A Qualitative Pilot Exploration of Women's Experiences Prior to Labiaplasty.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2023Article
- Understanding adolescent girls' and young women's health-seeking for female genital cosmetic surgery: How can clinicians help their patients?Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2023Article
- Changing gender norms around female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C): a key role for social work in the Global North.Frontiers in sociology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cosmetic labiaplasty is a form of Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery (FGCS) that is performed with the deliberate intent to alter the appearance and morphology of the external genitalia in the absence of medical concerns. Over the last decade, there is an increasing demand for FGCS and the industry behind it is constantly growing. Adolescents comprise an extremely vulnerable population, with labiaplasties in this particular age group having also increased. However, labiaplasty has been widely contested due to the irrevocable alteration of a psychosexually significant body part on minors too young to consent. Besides, the changes that occur during pubertal development in the genital area can significantly alter pediatric surgical results. Genital anatomy is more diverse than we previously thought and there is evidence to suggest that the labia minora with their rich innervation play an important role in sexual arousal and pleasure. Education regarding the wide range of normal genital appearance suffices in most cases to dissolve concerns regarding body self-image. Mental health issues should always be explored and, if identified, the girl should be referred to an experienced professional for their resolution. Postponing labiaplasty until adulthood is strongly recommended to help adolescents achieve a well-informed decision regarding an irreversible procedure with possible adverse esthetic and functional outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.