ArticleLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2021
Mnemonic prediction errors promote detailed memories.
Article in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- A dynamic affective surprise signal influences episodic memory.Cognition · 2026Article
- Differential effects of contextual congruency on recognition and retrieval of perceptual details.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- The role of context in continuity and segmentation.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Statistical learning prioritizes abstract over item-specific representations.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Article
- Strong mnemonic prediction errors increase cognitive control, attention, and arousal.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Prediction error and memory updating: Challenges ahead.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Article
- Attending to Remember: Recent Advances in Methods and Theory.Current directions in psychological science · 2025Article
- Visual Statistical Learning Alters Low-Dimensional Cortical Architecture.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Schemas, reinforcement learning and the medial prefrontal cortex.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Accurate Predictions Facilitate Robust Memory Encoding Independently From Stimulus Probability.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2025Article
- Unexpected Twists: Electrophysiological Correlates of Encoding and Retrieval of Events Eliciting Prediction Error.Psychophysiology · 2025Article
- Neural Activity Differentiates Novel and Learned Event Boundaries.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- A generative model of memory construction and consolidation.Nature human behaviour · 2024Article
- Neurocognitive Model of Schema-Congruent and -Incongruent Learning in Clinical Disorders: Application to Social Anxiety and Beyond.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2023Article
- Predictions transform memories: How expected versus unexpected events are integrated or separated in memory.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- Adult age differences in event memory updating: The roles of prior-event retrieval and prediction.Psychology and aging · 2023Article
- Collective events and individual affect shape autobiographical memory.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Explicitly predicting outcomes enhances learning of expectancy-violating information.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2022Article
- Temporal Dynamics of Competition between Statistical Learning and Episodic Memory in Intracranial Recordings of Human Visual Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- An Adaptive Motivation Approach to Understanding the 'How' and 'Why' of Wellbeing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
When our experience violates our predictions, it is adaptive to update our knowledge to promote a more accurate representation of the world and facilitate future predictions. Theoretical models propose that these mnemonic prediction errors should be encoded into a distinct memory trace to prevent interference with previous, conflicting memories. We investigated this proposal by repeatedly exposing participants to pairs of sequentially presented objects (A → B), thus evoking expectations. Then, we violated participants' expectations by replacing the second object in the pairs with a novel object (A → C). The following item memory test required participants to discriminate between identical old items and similar lures, thus testing detailed and distinctive item memory representations. In two experiments, mnemonic prediction errors enhanced item memory: Participants correctly identified more old items as old when those items violated expectations during learning, compared with items that did not violate expectations. This memory enhancement for C items was only observed when participants later showed intact memory for the related A → B pairs, suggesting that strong predictions are required to facilitate memory for violations. Following up on this, a third experiment reduced prediction strength prior to violation and subsequently eliminated the memory advantage of violations. Interestingly, mnemonic prediction errors did not increase gist-based mistakes of identifying old items as similar lures or identifying similar lures as old. Enhanced item memory in the absence of gist-based mistakes suggests that violations enhanced memory for items' details, which could be mediated via distinct memory traces. Together, these results advance our knowledge of how mnemonic prediction errors promote memory formation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.