Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34663661›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2021

Knowledge, perceptions and practices of pharmacists regarding generic substitution in China: a cross-sectional study.

Jinghan Qu, Wei Zuo, Shaohong Wang, Liping Du, Xin Liu, Yang Gao, Jiantao Li, Hui Pan, Xiaoli Du, Dan Mei and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Jinghan Qu *Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
Wei Zuo *Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
Shaohong WangDepartment of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
Liping DuDepartment of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
Xin LiuDepartment of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
Yang GaoDepartment of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
Jiantao LiDepartment of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
Hui PanDepartment of Medical Administration, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2413-0646
Xiaoli DuDepartment of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
Dan MeiDepartment of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
Roxane L TookDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Kenneth W SchafermeyerDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Stephanie LukasDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bo ZhangDepartment of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China zhangbopumch@163.com.ORCID 0000-0003-2643-0706
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · CNUniversity of Health Sciences and Pharmacy · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate pharmacists' knowledge, perceptions and practices towards generic substitution in the 11 pilot locations in China.

designAn online cross-sectional survey using questionnaires was conducted. A convenience sampling technique was implemented to recruit pharmacists. SETTING AND

participantsThe study took place in medical institutions of 11 pilot locations that participated in the pilot national centralised procurement programme in 2019. Two thousand two hundred and ninety-one pharmacists including hospital pharmacists or community pharmacists based on health-systems or clinics participated in the study.

resultsMost of the participants had the good knowledge of requirements for evaluating the quality and efficacy of generic drugs (n=2118; 92.4%), and the definition of generic drugs (n=2078; 90.7%). In terms of perceptions, 67.3% of respondents were of the opinion that generic drugs are equally as effective as the brand-name drugs, and 69.0% of respondents were of the opinion that generic drugs are as safe as brand equivalents. A high percentage of participants supported the policy of generic substitution (n=1634; 71.4%). A significant positive correlation was demonstrated between total knowledge score and total perception score (ρ=0.267; p<0.001). Efficacy, safety and the direction of national policies and hospital regulations were the main factors affecting pharmacists' willingness to dispense generic drugs.

conclusionsThe study identified gaps in respondents' knowledge and perceptions of generic substitution. Pharmacists who are more knowledgeable in generic drugs tend to hold a more supportive attitude towards generic substitution. Although it appeared that pharmacists in China have largely accepted generic substitution, they still have concerns regarding the reliability and quality of generic drugs. The current issues need to be addressed for the realisation of the true value of generic drugs as part of the country's healthcare cost-containment strategy as well as the implementation of generic substitution policy in China.

Indexed as

Drug SubstitutionPharmacistsCross-Sectional StudiesHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansPerceptionReproducibility of Resultseducation & training (see medical education & training)health economicshealth policyhealth services administration & managementpublic health

Identifiers

PMID34663661
PMCPMC8524276
OpenAlexW3206892781

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.