SynthesisBMJ open2021
A rapid systematic review of measures to protect older people in long-term care facilities from COVID-19.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effective infection prevention and control measures in long-term care facilities in non-outbreak and outbreak settings: a systematic literature review.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2023Pooled it
- Learning from the covid-19 outbreaks in long-term care facilities: a systematic review.BMC geriatrics · 2023Pooled it
- A rapid systematic review of measures to protect older people in long-term care facilities from COVID-19.BMJ open · 2021Pooled it
- Non-pharmacological measures implemented in the setting of long-term care facilities to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections and their consequences: a rapid review.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Overview of Systematic Reviews on Factors Related to the Structure and Functioning of Residential Long-Term Care Facilities for Older Adults.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Measures to Prevent and Control COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities: A Scoping Review.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 outbreak management in nursing homes in Ireland: reflections of COVID-19 response teams from earlier to later waves of the pandemic.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Factors influencing long-term care facility performance during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Drivers of COVID-19 Outcomes in Long-Term Care Facilities Using Multi-Level Analysis: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- COVID-19 outbreaks in residential aged care facilities: an agent-based modeling study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Emotions, action strategies and expectations of health professionals and people with dementia regarding COVID-19 in different care settings in Switzerland: a mixed methods study.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Factors impacting resident outcomes from COVID-19 outbreaks in Residential Aged Care Facilities in Sydney Local Health District: testing an infection prevention and control scoring system.BMC public health · 2023Observational
- Long term risk of death and readmission after hospital admission with covid-19 among older adults: retrospective cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Article
- Post-Infection Oscillometry and Pulmonary Metrics in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A 40-Day Follow-Up Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 entry into and evolution within a skilled nursing facility.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Why are some outbreaks worse than others? COVID-19 outbreak management strategies from a PHU perspective.BMC public health · 2023Review
- Article
- Practical infection control training for Victoria's aged care workforce at the time of COVID-19 pandemic: a community case study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Patients' and caregivers' experiences of hospitalization under COVID-19 visitation restrictions.Journal of hospital medicine · 2022Article
- Long-Term Care Home Size Association with COVID-19 Infection and Mortality in Catalonia in March and April 2020.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe global COVID-19 pandemic produced large-scale health and economic complications. Older people and those with comorbidities are particularly vulnerable to this virus, with nursing homes and long term care facilities (LTCF) experiencing significant morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 outbreaks. The aim of this rapid systematic review was to investigate measures implemented in LTCF to reduce transmission of COVID-19 and their effect on morbidity and mortality of residents, staff and visitors.
settingLong-term care facilities.
participantsResidents, staff and visitors of facilities. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Databases and repositories and MedRXiv prepublished database) were systematically searched from inception to 27 July 2020 to identify studies reporting assessment of interventions to reduce transmission of COVID-19 in nursing homes among residents, staff or visitors. Outcome measures include facility characteristics, morbidity data, case fatalities and transmission rates. Due to study quality and heterogeneity, no meta-analysis was conducted.
resultsThe search yielded 1414 articles, with 38 studies included. Reported interventions include mass testing, use of personal protective equipment, symptom screening, visitor restrictions, hand hygiene and droplet/contact precautions, and resident cohorting. Prevalence rates ranged from 1.2% to 85.4% in residents and 0.6% to 62.6% in staff. Mortality rates ranged from 5.3% to 55.3% in residents.
conclusionsNovel evidence in this review details the impact of facility size, availability of staff and practices of operating between multiple facilities, and for-profit status of facilities as factors contributing to the size and number of COVID-19 outbreaks. No causative relationships can be determined; however, this review provides evidence of interventions that reduce transmission of COVID-19 in LTCF. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020191569.
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