Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34663647›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2021

Cancer in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults in South Africa: a cross-sectional study.

Tafadzwa Dhokotera, Julia Bohlius, Matthias Egger, Adrian Spoerri, Jabulani Ronnie Ncayiyana, Gita Naidu, Victor Olago, Marcel Zwahlen, Elvira Singh, Mazvita Muchengeti

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Tafadzwa DhokoteraNational Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa tafadzwagladys.dhokotera@swisstph.ch.ORCID 0000-0002-4353-0787
Julia BohliusInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Matthias EggerInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7462-5132
Adrian SpoerriInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Jabulani Ronnie NcayiyanaDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Witwatersrand School of Public Health, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-2151-1251
Gita NaiduPaediatric Haematology Oncology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, Gauteng, South Africa.
Victor OlagoNational Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-0154-0688
Marcel ZwahlenInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6772-6346
Elvira SinghNational Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
Mazvita MuchengetiNational Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-1955-923X
National Health Laboratory Service · ZAUniversity of Bern · CHUniversity of Cape Town · ZAUniversity of the Witwatersrand · ZA

Funding

Observational Antiretroviral Studies In Southern Africa (OASIS) CollaborationU01AI069924 · NIAID · UNIVERSITAT BERN · PI Cleophas Chimbetete, Mary-Ann Davies · 2006 to 2026
$55.9M
NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI069924
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine the spectrum of cancers in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) living with and without HIV in South Africa.

designCross-sectional study with cancer records provided by the National Cancer Registry (NCR) and HIV records from the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS). SETTING AND

participantsThe NHLS is the largest provider of pathology services in the South African public sector. The NCR is a division of the NHLS. We included AYAs (aged 10-24 years) diagnosed with cancer by public health sector laboratories between 2004 and 2014 (n=8479). HIV status was obtained through record linkages and text mining. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: We determined the spectrum of cancers by HIV status in AYAs. We used multivariable logistic regression to describe the association of cancer in AYAs with HIV, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity and calendar period. We imputed (post hoc) the HIV status for AYA with unknown HIV status.

results8479 AYAs were diagnosed with cancer, HIV status was known for 45% (n=3812). Of those whose status was known, about half were HIV positive (n=1853). AYAs living with HIV were more likely to have Kaposi's sarcoma (adjusted OR (aOR) 218, 95% CI 89.9 to 530), cervical cancer (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.89), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.69 to 2.66) and anogenital cancers other than cervix (aOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.27 to 5.86) than AYAs without HIV. About 44% (n=1062) of AYAs with HIV-related cancers had not been tested for HIV.

conclusionsTargeted HIV testing for AYAs diagnosed with cancer, followed by immediate start of antiretroviral therapy, screening for cervical precancer and vaccination against human papilloma virus is needed to decrease cancer burden in AYAs living with HIV in South Africa.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsSarcoma, KaposiUterine Cervical NeoplasmsAdolescentCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansSouth AfricaYoung AdultadolescentsepidemiologyHIV & AIDSpublic healthyoung adults

Identifiers

PMID34663647
PMCPMC8524277
OpenAlexW3207026826

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.