Observational studyInternational breastfeeding journal2021
Does breastfeeding protect children from COVID-19? An observational study from pediatric services in Majorca, Spain.
Observational study in International breastfeeding journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Epidemiology and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents in the pre-Omicron era: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of continuous and intermittent supportive counseling on self-efficacy and continuation of breastfeeding in lactating women affected by COVID-19: a quasi-experimental trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Marketing of commercial milk formula during COVID-19 in Indonesia.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- The contributions of parental lactation on offspring development: It's not udder nonsense!Hormones and behavior · 2023Review
- Associations between breastfeeding intention, breastfeeding practices and post-natal depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-country cross-sectional study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- The Gut Microbiome of Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- A Preliminary Study on Acute Otitis Media in Spanish Children with Late Dinner Habits.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Postnatal women's breastfeeding beliefs, practices, and support during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional comparative study across five countries.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Article
- Human milk inhibits some enveloped virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in an intestinal model.Life science alliance · 2022Article
- Can Breastfeeding Protect from Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)? A Preliminary Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Outcome of Neonates Born to SARS-CoV-2-Infected Mothers: Tertiary Care Experience at US-Mexico Border.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Exclusive Breastfeeding and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Positive Synergistic Effect on Prevention of Childhood Infections?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Modulating Role of Breastfeeding Toward Long COVID Occurrence in Children: A Preliminary Study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Commentary: Epidemiology, clinical features and prognostic factors of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection: Results from an Italian multicenter study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Effect of Training Program on Knowledge and Practice of Breast feeding Women During COVID-19.SAGE open nursingArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt has been demonstrated that children who had been breastfed remain better protected against various infections, and notably respiratory tract infections, well beyond infancy. Since the role of breastfeeding to explain why children are less affected by COVID-19 has not been studied until now, the aim of this study was to determine whether any history of breastfeeding reduces the incidence rate of COVID-19 in children.
methodsThis was a secondary analysis of an observational study on clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric COVID-19 in Majorca. A total of 691 children were recruited during the 5 months of August-December 2020. Eligible participants were children under 14 who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric emergency services. The independent explanatory variable was any breastfeeding. Bivariate analyses were conducted through the Chi-square test, the Fisher's Exact test or the Student's T test. All children had the same demographic, epidemiological and clinical data collected through a study team member interview and via the participants medical records.
resultsWithin the sample of children who visited emergency services with symptoms of potential COVID-19, we found higher prevalence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results among those who were exclusively formula fed compared with those who were ever breastfed (OR 2.48; 95% CI 1.45, 3.51; P = 0.036).
conclusionsThe present study suggests that ever breastfeeding reduces the risk of COVID-19 among children, as documented for other infections.
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