ArticleReproductive health2021
Bio-psychosocial factor of vaginismus in Iranian women.
Article in Reproductive health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06755099 (Experience of Vaginismus in Outpatient Attendants in Assiut University Women's Health Hospital), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Experience of Vaginismus in Outpatient Attendants in Assiut University Women's Health Hospital: Prevalence, Impact on Quality of Life and Management
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Examination of sexual health literacy and cyberchondria levels in women with vaginismus.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- The overlooked burden: Vaginismus and its greater prevalence in eastern women.Dialogues in health · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Sexual health literacy and its related factors among couples: A population-based study in Iran.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimVarious physical, psychological, social and cultural factors contribute to vaginismus. Therefore, given the multidimensionality of this disorder and the need to pay more attention to all biological, psychological and social dimensions in its treatment, the present study was conducted to investigate the bio-psychological factors contributing to vaginismus.
methodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 Iranian women with vaginismus who had been referred to sexual health clinics of Tehran province in 2020. Multistage random sampling method was used in this study, and vaginismus was diagnosed in women by a specialist through using a questionnaire. Data collection tools included demographic and obstetric information form, valid and reliable Sexual Function Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), Sex Fear Questionnaire, Vaginal Penetration Cognition Questionnaire, Sexual Self-Efficacy Scale, Sexual Knowledge and Attitude Scale, Sexual Quality of Life-Female, Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction, ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, Sexual Intimacy Scale and Questionnaire for Diagnosis of Vaginismus. In order to determine the factors related to vaginismus, multiple linear regression model was used through SPSS software version 25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).
resultsBased on the results of the present study, the mean age of women and the mean duration of their marriage were 27.77 ± 5.36 and 4.07 ± 3.87 years respectively. As the results of multiple linear regression revealed, the variables of fear of sex (B = 0.141, P = 0.036), positive cognition (B = 0.197, P = 0.046), self-image (B = 0.651, P = 0.001), sexual intimacy (B = -0.116, P = 0.021), quality of sexual life (B = 0.115, P = 0.002) and education (B = 2.129, P = 0.024) from the bio-psychosocial model were the final predictors of vaginismus diagnosis score in women with this disorder. According to the results of multiple linear regression, 45.5% of the variance of vaginismus diagnosis total score was explained by these variables (R = 0.706, R2 = 0.498 and ADJ.R2 = 0.455).
conclusionThe results of the present study showed that the variables of fear of sex, positive cognition and negative self-image, sexual intimacy, quality of sexual life and education were the final predictors of vaginismus diagnosis score. This disorder is, thus, considered to be multidimensional.
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