ArticleParticle and fibre toxicology2021
Sex affects the response of Wistar rats to polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-coated silver nanoparticles in an oral 28 days repeated dose toxicity study.
Article in Particle and fibre toxicology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiotoxicological assessment of crocin-coated silver nanoparticles in an experimental rat model.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Neurotoxic and some systemic effects of cadmium oxide nanoparticles following their subchronic intranasal administration to rats: experimental data analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- In vitro antiproliferative effects of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Brassica carinata microgreens on DU-145 prostate cancer cells and In vivo safety assessment.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Advances in nephroprotection: the therapeutic role of selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles in renal health.International urology and nephrology · 2025Review
- Toxicity Assessment of New Ag-ZnO/AgO Nanocomposites: An In Vitro and In Vivo Approach.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Article
- Acute brain injury and nanomedicine: sex as a biological variable.Frontiers in biomaterials science · 2024Article
- Amphiphilic Poly-Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Sex and Gender Dimensions in Hazard and Risk Assessment of Engineered Nanomaterials.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnologyReview
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11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in biomedicine due to their strong antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Concerns about their possible negative impacts on human and environmental health directed many researchers towards the assessment of the safety and toxicity of AgNPs in both in vitro and in vivo settings. A growing body of scientific information confirms that the biodistribution of AgNPs and their toxic effects vary depending on the particle size, coating, and dose as well as on the route of administration and duration of exposure. This study aimed to clarify the sex-related differences in the outcomes of oral 28 days repeated dose exposure to AgNPs.
methodsWistar rats of both sexes were gavaged daily using low doses (0.1 and 1 mg Ag/kg b.w.) of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated small-sized (10 nm) AgNPs. After exposure, blood and organs of all rats were analysed through biodistribution and accumulation of Ag, whereas the state of the liver and kidneys was evaluated by the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), expression of metallothionein (Mt) genes and levels of Mt proteins.
resultsIn all animals, changes in oxidative stress markers and blood parameters were observed indicating the toxicity of AgNPs applied orally even at low doses. Sex-related differences were noticed in all assessed parameters. While female rats eliminated AgNPs from the liver and kidneys more efficiently than males when treated with low doses, the opposite was observed for animals treated with higher doses of AgNPs. Female Wistar rats exposed to 1 mg PVP-coated AgNPs/kg b.w. accumulated two to three times more silver in the blood, liver, kidney and hearth than males, while the accumulation in most organs of digestive tract was more than ten times higher compared to males. Oxidative stress responses in the organs of males, except the liver of males treated with high doses, were less intense than in the organs of females. However, both Mt genes and Mt protein expression were significantly reduced after treatment in the liver and kidneys of males, while they remained unchanged in females.
conclusionsObserved toxicity effects of AgNPs in Wistar rats revealed sex-related differences in response to an oral 28 days repeated exposure.
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