ArticleBMC psychiatry2021
ADHD overdiagnosis and the role of patient gender among Iranian psychiatrists.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Motor skills in children with ADHD: overlap with developmental coordination disorder.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Global burden of mental disorders among adolescents and young adults, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021.General psychiatry · 2025Article
- Incremental Validity of Trait Impulsivity, Dysfunctional Emotional Regulation, and Affect Lability in the Predictions of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms in Adults.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundRegarding the controversy about the overdiagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents there are two main directions addressed as issue of age bias and issue of gender bias. In this relation, replication of findings demonstrating significant overdiagnosis is of importance which make the systematic evaluation of such occurrence necessary.
objectiveThe seminal study by Bruchmüller, Margraf & Schneider, 2012 is replicated here, although in a different cultural context, in this case Iran, as ADHS might be perceived differently there. We assessed both gender bias and the impact of potential overdiagnosis on treatment recommendations.
methodsA total of 344 licensed Iranian psychiatrists (mean age = 45.17, SD = 9.50) participated in this study. Each psychiatrist received a cover letter that introduced the study as well as a case vignette. Overall, there are eight different cases, one child with ADHD and three non-ADHD children, for both a boy (Ali) and a girl (Sara). Participants also received a questionnaire requesting their particular diagnosis, treatment recommendation and the therapist's sociodemographic information. Chi square tests and multiple logistic regression were applied for data analyses.
resultsOverdiagnosis occurred in both girl and boy children, although overdiagnosis was 2.45 more likely in boys than in girls (p < 0.01). With respect to the psychiatrist's gender, we detected no difference between males or females, as both overdiagnosed ADHD in boys (p
conclusionThis study suggests that diagnosticians should strictly adhere to diagnostic criteria to minimize diagnostic error.
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