Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34663232›Full record

ArticleBMC geriatrics2021

Modifiable risk factors for homebound progression among those with and without dementia in a longitudinal survey of community-dwelling older adults.

Mia Yang, Nicholas Pajewski, Mark Espeland, Douglas Easterling, Jeff D Williamson

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC geriatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05849259 (Caring for Caregivers and People Living With Dementia Under Home-Based Primary Care), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05849259 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Caring for Caregivers and People Living With Dementia Under Home-Based Primary Care

TypeinterventionalSponsorMassachusetts General HospitalRan2023 to 2024Enrolled50ConditionsDementia, Quality of Life, Caregiver StressArmsDementia Care Quality at Home
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Associations of Homebound State in Older Adults With Neighborhood Social Cohesion.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mia YangDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. miyang@wakehealth.edu.
Nicholas PajewskiDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Mark EspelandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
Douglas EasterlingDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, School of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Jeff D WilliamsonDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.

Funding

The National Health and Trends StudyU01AG032947 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI VICKI A. FREEDMAN, JENNIFER ANN SCHRACK · 2008 to 2026
$169.4M
Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Core CenterP30AG049638 · NIA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI WILLIAMSON, JEFF DOUGLAS · 2016 to 2020
$12.2M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG049638NIA NIH HHS U01 AG032947
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBeing homebound is independently associated with increased mortality but the homebound population is heterogeneous. In order to improve precision medicine, we analyzed potentially modifiable factors that contribute to homebound progression (from independent to needing assistance, to homebound), stratified by dementia status.

methodsUsing National Aging and Trends Survey (NHATS), a nationally-representative, longitudinal annual survey from 2011 to 2017 (n = 11,528), we categorized homebound progression if one transitioned from independent or needing assistance to homebound, including competing risks of institutionalization or death between 2011 and last year of data available for each unique respondent. Using proportional hazards regression, we calculated hazard ratios of potentially modifiable risk factors on homebound progression.

resultsDepressive symptoms, mobility impairment, and pain increased risk of homebound progression regardless of dementia status. Social isolation increased risk of homebound progression only among those without dementia at baseline.

conclusionFuture clinical care and research should focus on the treatment of depressive symptoms, mobility, and pain to potentially delay progression to homebound status.

Indexed as

DementiaHomebound PersonsAgedHumansIndependent LivingLongitudinal StudiesRisk FactorsDementiaDepressionHomebound progressionMobilityPainRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID34663232
PMCPMC8522162

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.