ArticleHormone research in paediatrics2021
Growth Hormone Stimulation Testing Patterns Contribute to Sex Differences in Pediatric Growth Hormone Treatment.
Article in Hormone research in paediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Variability in the management of healthy short youth following GH stimulation testing.Endocrines · 2026Article
- Efficacy of recombinant growth hormone therapy in children born small for gestational age (SGA): a retrospective analysis.Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2026Article
- Correlates of youth involvement in decision making about growth hormone treatment.Families, systems & health : the journal of collaborative family healthcare · 2025Article
- Sex and racial/ethnic disparities in children presenting for short stature evaluation: in-depth analysis at a single center.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2025Article
- Gender differences in drug-induced precocious puberty: a real-world analysis of adverse event reports from the FDA FAERS database (2004-2024).BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Sex Difference in Paediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency: Fact or Fiction?Clinical endocrinology · 2025Article
- Youth and Parent Perceptions of Youth Decision-Making Roles Regarding Evaluation for Short Stature.Children's health care : journal of the Association for the Care of Children's Health · 2024Article
- Patient and Parent Characteristics Related to Quality of Life and Self-Esteem in Healthy Youth Undergoing Provocative Growth Hormone Testing.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Views on Short Stature of Female vs Male Endocrine Pediatric Patients Undergoing Provocative Growth Hormone Testing and Their Parents.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2023Article
- Endocrine Health and Health Care Disparities in the Pediatric and Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Inequalities in the assessment of childhood short stature.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2023Article
- Perceptions of Youth and Parent Decision-Making Roles Regarding Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment.Endocrines · 2022Article
- Identifying and addressing disparities in the evaluation and treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMales are twice as likely as females to receive pediatric growth hormone (GH) treatment in the USA, despite similar distributions of height z (HtZ)-scores in both sexes. Male predominance in evaluation and subspecialty referral for short stature contributes to this observation. This study investigates whether sex differences in GH stimulation testing and subsequent GH prescription further contribute to male predominance in GH treatment.
methodsRetrospective chart review was conducted of all individuals, aged 2-16 years, evaluated for short stature or poor growth at a single large tertiary referral center between 2012 and 2019. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to analyze sex differences.
resultsOf 10,125 children referred for evaluation, a smaller proportion were female (35%). More males (13.1%) than females (10.6%) underwent GH stimulation testing (p < 0.001) and did so at heights closer to average (median HtZ-score -2.2 [interquartile range, IQR -2.6, -1.8] vs. -2.5 [IQR -3.0, -2.0], respectively; p < 0.001). The proportion of GH prescriptions by sex was similar by stimulated peak GH level. Predictor variables in regression modeling differed by sex: commercial insurance predicted GH stimulation testing and GH prescription for males only, whereas lower HtZ-score predicted GH prescription for females only.
conclusionsSex differences in rates of GH stimulation testing but not subsequent GH prescription based on response to GH stimulation testing seem to contribute to male predominance in pediatric GH treatment. That HtZ-score predicted GH prescription in females but not males raises questions about the extent to which sex bias - from children, parents, and/or physicians - as opposed to objective growth data, influence medical decision-making in the evaluation and treatment of short stature.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.