Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34662495›Full record

ArticleBrain and behavior2021

Compliance with mass marketing solicitation: The role of verbatim and gist processing.

Julia Nolte, Yaniv Hanoch, Stacey A Wood, Valerie F Reyna

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The Scammers' Psychological Warfare: A Call to Arms.Psychological science in the public interest : a journal of the American Psychological Society · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Julia NolteDepartment of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1392-6553
Yaniv HanochSouthampton Business School, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Stacey A WoodDepartment of Psychology, Scripps College, Claremont, California, USA.
Valerie F ReynaDepartment of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionMass marketing scams threaten financial and personal well-being. Grounded in fuzzy-trace theory, we examined whether verbatim and gist-based risk processing predicts susceptibility to scams and whether such processing can be altered.

methodsSeven hundred and one participants read a solicitation letter online and indicated willingness to call an "activation number" to claim an alleged $500,000 sweepstakes prize. Participants focused on the solicitation's verbatim details (hypothesized to increase risk-taking) or its broad gist (hypothesized to decrease risk-taking).

resultsAs expected, measures of verbatim-based processing positively predicted contact intentions, whereas measures of gist-based processing negatively predicted contact intentions. Contrary to hypotheses, experimental conditions did not influence intentions (43% across conditions). Contact intentions were associated with perceptions of low risk, high benefit, and the offer's apparent genuineness, as well as self-reported decision regret, subjective vulnerability to scams, and prior experience falling for scams.

conclusionsOverall, message perceptions and prior susceptibility, rather than experimental manipulations, mattered in predicting scam susceptibility.

Indexed as

IntentionMarketingEmotionsHumansSelf Reportconsumer fraudfuzzy-tracemass marketing solicitation

Identifiers

PMID34662495
PMCPMC8613425

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.