ArticlePlant physiology2022
Flavonoids naringenin chalcone, naringenin, dihydrotricin, and tricin are lignin monomers in papyrus.
Article in Plant physiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond Solanaceae: incorporation of feruloyltyramine and feruloyloctopamine into Cannabaceae lignins.Plant physiology · 2026Article
- Elucidating the growth-promoting factors of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on rapeseed through metabolomics.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Physiological roles of lignins - tuning cell wall hygroscopy and biomechanics.The New phytologist · 2025Review
- Foliar Spraying of Nanoselenium Improves the Nutritional Quality of Alfalfa by Recruiting Beneficial Phyllosphere Bacteria and Regulating the Distribution and Translocation of Selenium.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Article
- Metabolomics combined with physiology and transcriptomics reveal the regulation of key nitrogen metabolic pathways in alfalfa by foliar spraying with nano-selenium.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Hepatoprotective Effects of Flavonoids against Benzo[a]Pyrene-Induced Oxidative Liver Damage along Its Metabolic Pathways.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Menadione Contribution to the In Vitro Radical Scavenging Potential of Phytochemicals Naringenin and Lignin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Application of 2D NMR Spectroscopy in Combination with Chemometric Tools for Classification of Natural Lignins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Lignin, the Lignification Process, and Advanced, Lignin-Based Materials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- α-Glucosidase inhibitory activities of flavonoid derivatives isolated fromRSC advances · 2023Article
- Different combinations of laccase paralogs nonredundantly control the amount and composition of lignin in specific cell types and cell wall layers in Arabidopsis.The Plant cell · 2023Article
- Article
- Plant biomechanics and resilience to environmental changes are controlled by specific lignin chemistries in each vascular cell type and morphotype.The Plant cell · 2022Article
- Deficiency in flavonoid biosynthesis genes CHS, CHI, and CHIL alters rice flavonoid and lignin profiles.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Chemical composition of the lipophilic compounds from the rind and pith of papyrus (Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- The Sorghum (Frontiers in plant science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that several polyphenolic compounds produced from beyond the canonical monolignol biosynthetic pathways can behave as lignin monomers, participating in radical coupling reactions and being incorporated into lignin polymers. Here, we show various classes of flavonoids, the chalconoid naringenin chalcone, the flavanones naringenin and dihydrotricin, and the flavone tricin, incorporated into the lignin polymer of papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.) rind. These flavonoids were released from the rind lignin by Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC), a chemical degradative method that cleaves the β-ether linkages, indicating that at least a fraction of each was integrated into the lignin as β-ether-linked structures. Due to the particular structure of tricin and dihydrotricin, whose C-3' and C-5' positions at their B-rings are occupied by methoxy groups, these compounds can only be incorporated into the lignin through 4'-O-β bonds. However, naringenin chalcone and naringenin have no substituents at these positions and can therefore form additional carbon-carbon linkages, including 3'- or 5'-β linkages that form phenylcoumaran structures not susceptible to cleavage by DFRC. Furthermore, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analysis indicated that naringenin chalcone can also form additional linkages through its conjugated double bond. The discovery expands the range of flavonoids incorporated into natural lignins, further broadens the traditional definition of lignin, and enhances the premise that any phenolic compound present at the cell wall during lignification could be oxidized and potentially integrated into the lignin structure, depending only on its chemical compatibility. This study indicates that papyrus lignin has a unique structure, as it is the only lignin known to date that integrates such a diversity of phenolic compounds from different classes of flavonoids. This discovery will open up new ways to engineer and design lignins with specific properties and for enhanced value.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.