ArticlePLoS computational biology2021
Time to revisit the endpoint dilution assay and to replace the TCID50 as a measure of a virus sample's infection concentration.
Article in PLoS computational biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 28 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Newcastle disease virus hijacks mitophagy to reprogram amino acid metabolism for enhanced replication.Autophagy · 2026Article
- A novel entry inhibitor targeting the stalk domain of the hemagglutinin of H1N1.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Quantification of cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein seeds by endpoint dilution seed amplification assay in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- CrossLabFit: A novel framework for integrating qualitative and quantitative data across multiple labs for model calibration.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Quantification of Lewy body pathology by cerebrospinal fluid endpoint dilution RT-QuIC in a neuropathological autopsy cohort of clinically heterogeneous participants.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Article
- A Standardised Method to Quantify the Infectious Titre of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus.Viruses · 2025Article
- Rapid and Economic Baculovirus Titer Determination Using a Novel Transgenic Sf9-QE Cell Line.Insects · 2025Article
- Development of high-throughput screening viral titration assay: Proof of concept through two surrogate viruses of human pathogens.Biology methods & protocols · 2025Article
- Tracking Prions by RT-QuIC: An Update.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Enhanced quantitation of pathological α-synuclein in patient biospecimens by RT-QuIC seed amplification assays.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Practical parameter identifiability and handling of censored data with Bayesian inference in mathematical tumour models.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2024Article
- Outcome of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in calves and lactating cows.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 degrades YTHDF2 through autophagy to regulate IRF3 activity for viral replication.Autophagy · 2024Article
- A versatile automated pipeline for quantifying virus infectivity by label-free light microscopy and artificial intelligence.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Exploring associations between viral titer measurements and disease outcomes in ferrets inoculated with 125 contemporary influenza A viruses.Journal of virology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The endpoint dilution assay's output, the 50% infectious dose (ID50), is calculated using the Reed-Muench or Spearman-Kärber mathematical approximations, which are biased and often miscalculated. We introduce a replacement for the ID50 that we call Specific INfection (SIN) along with a free and open-source web-application, midSIN (https://midsin.physics.ryerson.ca) to calculate it. midSIN computes a virus sample's SIN concentration using Bayesian inference based on the results of a standard endpoint dilution assay, and requires no changes to current experimental protocols. We analyzed influenza and respiratory syncytial virus samples using midSIN and demonstrated that the SIN/mL reliably corresponds to the number of infections a sample will cause per mL. It can therefore be used directly to achieve a desired multiplicity of infection, similarly to how plaque or focus forming units (PFU, FFU) are used. midSIN's estimates are shown to be more accurate and robust than the Reed-Muench and Spearman-Kärber approximations. The impact of endpoint dilution plate design choices (dilution factor, replicates per dilution) on measurement accuracy is also explored. The simplicity of SIN as a measure and the greater accuracy provided by midSIN make them an easy and superior replacement for the TCID50 and other in vitro culture ID50 measures. We hope to see their universal adoption to measure the infectivity of virus samples.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.