ReviewHuman gene therapy2021
Choosing the Right Tool for Genetic Engineering: Clinical Lessons from Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cells.
Review in Human gene therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug-controlled CAR T cells through the regulation of cell-cell interactions.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide Integration Site Profiling of Multi-Component CAR T-Cell Engineering Systems with ADA1/CD26 Co-Transduction.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- EF-1α-driven nanobody-based CD19-redirected CAR-T cells retain the antitumor efficacy, antigen-driven expansion, and cytokine secretion of CMV-driven counterparts.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Engineering precision oncology: Targeting tumors and immune cells with lentiviral vectors.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Review
- Lipid nanoparticle mRNA delivery preserves CAR T cell cytotoxicity and limits exhaustion compared to electroporation.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Chemistry-mediated synthetic virus-cell interaction as a generic approach to enhance gene delivery to mammalian cells.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Beyond CAR-T and oncology: broadening chimeric antigen receptor technologies across cell types and diseases.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Adaptation of lentiviral vectors for viral gene therapy and their impact on host cell biology.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- In vivo engineering of CAR-T cells: delivery strategies and clinical translation.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Article
- CAR-T Cell Therapy for Central Nervous System Tumors.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Generation and Characterization of CAR-T Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Nanomaterials in gene therapy and genome editing: challenges and emerging directions.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Landscape ofMolecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor cells as a tool for localized delivery of TNFα in solid cancer treatment.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Gene-sized DNA insertion at genomic safe harbors in human cells using a site-directed transposase.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle-based strategy in CAR-T cell immunotherapy: challenges, implications, and perspectives.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Tumour-associated vasculature in T cell homing and immunity: opportunities for cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Cellular Immunogenicity Assessments in CAR-T Cell Therapies: Current Insights and Future Directions.The AAPS journal · 2025Article
- Introducing CAR-T Therapy in Kazakhstan: Establishing Academic-Scale Lentiviral Vector and CAR-T Cell Production.Biomolecules · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
T cell modification with genes that encode chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T cells) has shown tremendous promise for the treatment of B cell malignancies. The successful translation of CAR-T cell therapy to other tumor types, including solid tumors, is the next big challenge. As the field advances from second- to next-generation CAR-T cells comprising multiple genetic modifications, more sophisticated methods and tools to engineer T cells are being developed. Viral vectors, especially γ-retroviruses and lentiviruses, are traditionally used for CAR-T cell engineering due to their high transduction efficiency. However, limited genetic cargo, high costs of production under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions, and the high regulatory demands are obstacles for widespread clinical translation. To overcome these limitations, different nonviral approaches are being explored at a preclinical or clinical level, including transposon/transposase systems and mRNA electroporation and nonintegrating DNA nanovectors. Genome editing tools that allow efficient knockout of particular genes and/or site-directed integration of the CAR and/or other transgenes into the genome are also being evaluated for CAR-T cell engineering. In this review, we discuss the development of viral and nonviral vectors used to generate CAR-T cells, focusing on their advantages and limitations. We also discuss the lessons learned from clinical trials using the different genetic engineering tools, with special focus on safety and efficacy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.