Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34661971›Full record

ArticleBrain and behavior2021

A multi-centric study on validation of the Fear Scale for COVID-19 in five Arabic speaking countries.

Hiba Deek, Mayssah El Nayal, Khalid Alabdulwahhab, Mohammad Ahmad, Riyaz Shaik, Meshari Alzahrani, Iman Elmahdi, Naglaa Youssef, Mohamed Alboraie, Daniel Yt Fong and 3 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Brain and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Hiba DeekNursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0002-0242-4339
Mayssah El NayalFaculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0002-9023-9108
Khalid AlabdulwahhabDepartment of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad AhmadDepartment of Community Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
Riyaz ShaikDepartment of Community Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
Meshari AlzahraniDepartment of Urology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
Iman ElmahdiFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi.
Naglaa YoussefMedical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Egypt.
Mohamed AlboraieDepartment of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-8490-9822
Daniel Yt FongSchool of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong.ORCID 0000-0001-7365-9146
Edmond Pui Hang ChoiSchool of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong.ORCID 0000-0001-9062-3540
Bobo Kai Yin ChanSchool of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong.ORCID 0000-0002-6128-3871
Nagla OmarCommunity Medicine Department, Alzaiem Alazhari University Faculty of Medicine.ORCID 0000-0002-0105-4196

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Eight-item Fear Scale is a unidimensional scale evaluating the perceived feelings of fear associated with the thought of the coronavirus.

aimThe Arabic version of this scale did not exist; hence, this study aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Fear Scale in participants aged 18 years and above in five Arabic countries: Egypt, Lebanon, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan by using a cross-sectional survey design.

methodThe English version of the COVID-19 Fear Scale was translated into Arabic following the guidelines and disseminated through social media. Factorial and convergent validity and internal reliability were evaluated.

resultsThe total number of participants was 2783; the majority was young (41.9%) and female (60.5%). Fear scores were moderate in four countries and severe in Egypt. The scale showed good structural validity, with the items explaining up to 70% of the variance. The scale items correlated significantly with the total scores, and the Cronbach alpha was above 0.9.

conclusionThe study concluded that the Arabic Fear Scale is a psychometrically robust scale that can be used to evaluate the perceived feelings of fear with the thought of the coronavirus or pandemic in general.

Indexed as

COVID-19Cross-Sectional StudiesFearFemaleHumansReproducibility of ResultsSARS-CoV-2Surveys and QuestionnairesArabicfearpsychometricsquestionnairereliabilityvalidity

Identifiers

PMID34661971
PMCPMC8613427

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.