Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34661952›Full record

ArticleAnnals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc2022

Night-to-night variability of sleep apnea detected by cyclic variation of heart rate during long-term continuous ECG monitoring.

Junichiro Hayano, Emi Yuda

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Seven-Day Patch ECG Monitoring During National Insurance Health Checkup Efficiently Detected Silent Atrial Fibrillation in Individuals Aged 75 Years and Older.Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2025
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  7. Night-to-night variability of sleep apnea detected by cyclic variation of heart rate during long-term continuous ECG monitoring.Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2022
    Article
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  9. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Junichiro HayanoHeart Beat Science Lab, Co., Ltd., Sendai, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-5340-6325
Emi YudaHeart Beat Science Lab, Co., Ltd., Sendai, Japan.
Nagoya City University · JPTohoku University · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSleep apnea is common in patients with cardiovascular disease and is a factor that worsens prognosis. Holter 24-h ECG screening for sleep apnea is beneficial in the care of these patients, but due to high night-to-night variability of sleep apnea, it can lead to misdiagnosis and misclassification of disease severity.

methodsTo investigate the long-term dynamic behavior of sleep apnea, seven-day ECGs recorded with a patch ECG recorder in 120 patients were analyzed for the cyclic variation of heart rate (CVHR) during sleep periods as determined by a built-in three-axis accelerometer.

resultsThe frequency of CVHR (Fcv) showed considerable night-to-night variability (coefficient of variance, 66 ± 35%), which was consistent with the night-to-night variability in apnea-hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index reported in earlier studies. In patients with presumed moderate-to-severe sleep apnea (Fcv > 15 cph at least one night), it was missed on 62% of nights, and on at least one night in 88% of patients. The CV of Fcv was negatively correlated with the average of Fcv, suggesting that patients with mild sleep apnea show greater night-to-night variability and would benefit from long-term assessment. The average Fcv was higher in the supine position, but the night-to-night variability was not explained by the night-to-night variability of time spent in the supine position.

conclusionsCVHR analysis of long-term ambulatory ECG recordings is useful for improving the reliability of screening for sleep apnea without placing an extra burden on patients with cardiovascular disease and their care.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesSleep Apnea SyndromesElectrocardiographyHeart RateHumansPolysomnographyReproducibility of Resultsday-to-day variationheart rate dynamicsheart rate variabilityHolter ECGintraweek variationlong-term ECG monitoringpredictive accuracysensitivityspecificity

Identifiers

PMID34661952
PMCPMC8916582
OpenAlexW3206444593

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.