SynthesisEuropean journal of neurology2022
Unraveling the enigma of new-onset refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review of aetiologies.
Synthesis in European journal of neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling the enigma of new-onset refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review of aetiologies.European journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Predicting epilepsy after new onset refractory status epilepticus due to autoimmune encephalitis: The DAME score.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- Adaptive immune dysregulation drives new-onset refractory status epilepticus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Clinical outcomes of cryptogenic new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) in a tertiary hospital in Singapore: a case series.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- A Case Series and Review of Febrile-Infection Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES).Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) in children: a retrospective cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- NORSE seasonality may vary geographically in adults.Epilepsia open · 2024Article
- Investigation of the association between circulating inflammatory proteins and encephalitis risk in Europeans by two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- NORSE/FIRES: how can we advance our understanding of this devastating condition?Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Case report: Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in a 14-year-old girl with multiple organ failure and lethal outcome.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Status epilepticus in the ICU.Intensive care medicine · 2024Review
- Investigation of Correlation between Resistance to Diazepam and Expression of Inflammatory Markers in The Peripheral Blood of Patients with Status Epilepticus.Acta medica academica · 2023Article
- New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) secondary toAnnals of the Child Neurology Society · 2023Article
- Reversible Brain Atrophy in Cryptogenic New-onset Refractory Status Epilepticus.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus Due to a Novel MT-TF Variant: Time for Acute Genetic Testing Before Treatment?Neurology. Genetics · 2023Article
- Investigating the genetic contribution in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome and refractory status epilepticus.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Editorial: Advances in diagnosing and treating new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeNew-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is a clinical presentation, neither a specific diagnosis nor a clinical entity. It refers to a patient without active epilepsy or other pre-existing relevant neurological disorder, with a NORSE without a clear acute or active structural, toxic or metabolic cause. This study reviews the currently available evidence about the aetiology of patients presenting with NORSE and NORSE-related conditions.
methodsA systematic search was carried out for clinical trials, observational studies, case series and case reports including patients who presented with NORSE, febrile-infection-related epilepsy syndrome or the infantile hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia and epilepsy syndrome.
resultsFour hundred and fifty records were initially identified, of which 197 were included in the review. The selected studies were retrospective case-control (n = 11), case series (n = 83) and case reports (n = 103) and overall described 1334 patients both of paediatric and adult age. Aetiology remains unexplained in about half of the cases, representing the so-called 'cryptogenic NORSE'. Amongst adult patients without cryptogenic NORSE, the most often identified cause is autoimmune encephalitis, either non-paraneoplastic or paraneoplastic. Infections are the prevalent aetiology of paediatric non-cryptogenic NORSE. Genetic and congenital disorders can have a causative role in NORSE, and toxic, vascular and degenerative conditions have also been described.
conclusionsFar from being a unitary condition, NORSE is a heterogeneous and clinically challenging presentation. The development and dissemination of protocols and guidelines to standardize diagnostic work-up and guide therapeutic approaches should be implemented. Global cooperation and multicentre research represent priorities to improve the understanding of NORSE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.