Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34660989›Full record

ArticleACS omega2021

Hydrolytic (In)stability of Methacrylate Esters in Covalently Cross-Linked Hydrogels Based on Chondroitin Sulfate and Hyaluronic Acid Methacrylate.

Carl C L Schuurmans, Arwin J Brouwer, Jacobus A W Jong, Geert-Jan P H Boons, Wim E Hennink, Tina Vermonden

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS omega, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Hyaluronic Acid-Based Bioink for Anisotropic Neural Tissue Cryobioprinting.International journal of extreme manufacturing · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Carl C L SchuurmansDivision of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Arwin J BrouwerDivision of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Jacobus A W JongDivision of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4896-4744
Geert-Jan P H BoonsDivision of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Wim E HenninkDivision of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-714X
Tina VermondenDivision of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-5900
Utrecht University · NLUniversity of Georgia · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) methacrylate (MA) hydrogels are under investigation for biomedical applications. Here, the hydrolytic (in)stability of the MA esters in these polysaccharides and hydrogels is investigated. Hydrogels made with glycidyl methacrylate-derivatized CS (CSGMA) or methacrylic anhydride (CSMA) degraded after 2-25 days in a cross-linking density-dependent manner (pH 7.4, 37 °C). HA methacrylate (HAMA) hydrogels were stable over 50 days under the same conditions. CS(G)MA hydrogel degradation rates increased with pH, due to hydroxide-driven ester hydrolysis. Desulfated chondroitin MA hydrogels also degrade, indicating that sulfate groups are not responsible for CS(G)MA's hydrolytic sensitivity (pH 7.0-8.0, 37 °C). This sensitivity is likely because CS(G)MA's

Identifiers

PMID34660989
PMCPMC8515582
OpenAlexW3203168934

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.