ReviewFrontiers in surgery2021
Understanding Variable Motor Responses to Direct Electrical Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex During Brain Surgery.
Review in Frontiers in surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neuromotor modules revealed by direct electrical stimulation of the human primary motor cortex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The frequency-dependent effects of primary hand motor cortex stimulation on volitional finger movement.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2026Article
- Surgical decision making in the era of supramarginal glioma resections: a current perspective and narrative review.CNS oncology · 2025Review
- Neural Mechanisms Underlying Robust Target Selection in Response to Microstimulation of the Oculomotor System.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Multimodal and Repeated Localization of Primary Hand Motor Function to the Lateral Postcentral Gyrus in a Case of Frontal Motor Area Brain Metastasis.Neurosurgery practice · 2024Article
- A Novel Intraoperative Mapping Device Detects the Thermodynamic Response Function.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Quantifying Hand Strength and Isometric Pinch Individuation Using a Flexible Pressure Sensor Grid.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Quantitative assessments of finger individuation with an instrumented glove.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Synchronization of kinetic and kinematic hand tasks with electrocorticography and cortical stimulation during awake craniotomies.PloS one · 2023Article
- Large-scale brain networks and intra-axial tumor surgery: a narrative review of functional mapping techniques, critical needs, and scientific opportunities.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
- Diffusion tensor imaging, intra-operative neurophysiological monitoring and small craniotomy: Results in a consecutive series of 103 gliomas.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Primary endodermal hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor of the cervical spine: a case report and literature review.BMC surgery · 2021Review
- Exploring relationships between abnormal within-network functional connectivity, preoperative brain tumor variables, and neuropsychological test scores.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Direct electrical stimulation of the brain is the gold standard technique used to define functional-anatomical relationships during neurosurgical procedures. Areas that respond to stimulation are considered "critical nodes" of circuits that must remain intact for the subject to maintain the ability to perform certain functions, like moving and speaking. Despite its routine use, the neurophysiology underlying downstream motor responses to electrical stimulation of the brain, such as muscle contraction or movement arrest, is poorly understood. Furthermore, varying and sometimes counterintuitive responses can be seen depending on how and where the stimulation is applied, even within the human primary motor cortex. Therefore, here we review relevant neuroanatomy of the human motor system, provide a brief historical perspective on electrical brain stimulation, explore mechanistic variations in stimulation applications, examine neurophysiological properties of different parts of the motor system, and suggest areas of future research that can promote a better understanding of the interaction between electrical stimulation of the brain and its function.
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Registered trials
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