ReviewCureus2021
Cardiovascular Risk Associated With TNF Alpha Inhibitor Use in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Review in Cureus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- TNFR2 Agonism as a Sex-Specific Therapy for Novel Osteoarthritis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular adverse effects of common non-oncologic medications: from mechanisms to clinical management.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2026Review
- Current and Future Treatments for Takayasu Arteritis: Toward Cardiovascular Risk Modification.Circulation · 2026Review
- IL-34-mediated fibroblast-like synoviocyte-macrophage crosstalk drives bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis through RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Upadacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis: progress and challenges.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Impact of Biologics on Comorbidities in Patients with Psoriasis or Psoriatic Arthritis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Integrative network toxicology, molecular dynamics and transcriptional analysis elucidate DEHP-induced cardiovascular dysfunction.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- Article
- Pathophysiological Links Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Dysbiosis and Emerging Biomarkers.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Psoriasis: an update on topical and systemic therapies.Australian prescriber · 2025Review
- Emerging Technologies and Future Directions in Interorgan Crosstalk Cardiometabolic Research.Circulation research · 2025Review
- Plasma proteomics improves prediction of coronary plaque progression.European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging · 2025Article
- Immunometabolism in the Aging Heart.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Review
- Interplay of rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease: Insights and prospects.SAGE open medicine · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular Adverse Events Associated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitors: A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Analysis.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2024Article
- Review
- Treating Cardiovascular Disease in the Inflammatory Setting of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Ongoing Challenge.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Pregnancy Recommendations Solely Based on Preclinical Evidence Should Be Integrated with Real-World Evidence: A Disproportionality Analysis of Certolizumab and Other TNF-Alpha Inhibitors Used in Pregnant Patients with Psoriasis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Crosstalk between Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Is There a Common Basis?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and pannus formation, with subsequent joint and cartilage degradation. Treatment commonly targets inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, which is a potent inflammatory cytokine required for cell signaling, regulation, and apoptosis, as well as for other cellular functions including immune response. TNF alpha inhibitors have demonstrated benefits in improving RA patient outcomes in terms of immune function and symptomatology. While TNF alpha inhibitors are generally beneficial, some studies have demonstrated that TNF alpha inhibitors may increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. While this continues to be debated, our study investigates the role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 (TNFR1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2) in cardiac tissue. TNFR1 is an apoptotic receptor and its inhibition by TNF alpha inhibitors is subsequently cardioprotective. However, TNF alpha inhibitors may be inhibiting TNFR2 receptors even more so than TNFR1 receptors. TNFR2 is primarily a cardioprotective receptor and its greater inhibition results in the cardiovascular morbidity associated with TNF alpha inhibitors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.