ArticleEnvironmental research letters : ERL [Web site]2020
Examining the joint effects of heatwaves, air pollution, and green space on the risk of preterm birth in California.
Article in Environmental research letters : ERL [Web site], 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review of climate change interventions for improving child health.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Pooled it
- Climate Change-Related Environmental Exposures and Perinatal and Maternal Health Outcomes in the U.S.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- The interplay of heatwaves, air pollution, and green space on all-cause mortality in older adults with diabetes mellitus: a national cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Temperature extremes and maternal health: differential risks of severe maternal morbidity during heatwaves and coldwaves in North Carolina.International journal of biometeorology · 2026Article
- Combined and synergistic effects of heat and fine particulate matter on hospitalization among patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Identifying county-level effect modifiers of the association between heat waves and preterm birth using a Bayesian spatial meta regression approach.Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology · 2025Article
- Bidirectional effect modification of greenness exposure and air pollution on ischemic stroke mortality across different temporal scales.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Climate change policies fail to protect child health.Globalization and health · 2025Article
- Plant species richness, green spaces, and preterm birth risk in urban areas.Environment international · 2025Article
- Heatwaves amplify air pollution risks in Sub-Saharan Africa.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Identifying county-level effect modifiers of the association between heat waves and preterm birth using a Bayesian spatial meta regression approach.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Heat Waves and Early Birth: Exploring Vulnerability by Individual- and Area-Level Factors.GeoHealth · 2025Article
- Mental health disparities among maternal populations following heatwave exposure in North Carolina (2011-2019): a matched analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Association of Postpartum Temperature Exposure with Postpartum Depression: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Southern California.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Association Between Particulate Matter Exposure and Preterm Birth in Women With Abnormal Preconception Thyrotropin Levels: Large Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Urban Green Space and Perinatal Health Inequities in the United States: A Literature Review.The Journal of perinatal education · 2024Article
- Effects of land cover and air pollution on the risk of preterm births.Revista de saude publica · 2024Article
- The short-term effect of ozone on pregnancy loss modified by temperature: Findings from a nationwide epidemiological study in the contiguous United States.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Residential mobility in pregnancy and potential exposure misclassification of air pollution, temperature, and greenness.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2023Article
- Ambient climatic factors and term birthweight: A study of critical windows of exposure in the Republic of Cyprus.Environmental research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExposure to high air temperature in late pregnancy is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for preterm birth (PTB). However, the combined effects of heatwaves with air pollution and green space are still unexplored. In the context of climate change, investigating the interaction between environmental factors and identifying communities at higher risk is important to better understand the etiological mechanisms and design targeted interventions towards certain women during pregnancy.
objectivesTo examine the combined effects of heatwaves, air pollution and green space exposure on the risk of PTB.
methodsCalifornia birth certificate records for singleton births (2005-2013) were obtained. Residential zip code-specific daily temperature during the last week of gestation was used to create 12 definitions of heatwave with varying temperature thresholds and durations. We fit multi-level Cox proportional hazard models with time to PTB as the outcome and gestational week as the temporal unit. Relative risk due to interaction (RERI) was applied to estimate the additive interactive effect of air pollution and green space on the effect of heatwaves on PTB.
resultsIn total, 1,967,300 births were included in this study. For PM
conclusionThis study found synergistic harmful effects for heatwaves with air pollution, and potential positive interactions with lack of green space on PTB. Implementing interventions, such as heat warning systems and behavioral changes, targeted toward pregnant women at risk for high air pollution and low green space exposures may optimize the benefits of reducing acute exposure to extreme heat before delivery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.