ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2021
Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy in Transgender Population.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the cardiovascular burden in transgender individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Brazilian Guideline on Menopausal Cardiovascular Health - 2024.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Guideline
- Availability of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) information in a cohort of transgender and gender diverse people: An analysis of electronic health records.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy and Changes in Kidney Function in Adults: A Retrospective Population-based Study.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of Testosterone on Endothelial Function Varies by GnRH Agonist Treatment.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- The Lancet Commission on rethinking coronary artery disease: moving from ischaemia to atheroma.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Review
- The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on myocardial, hepatic, pancreatic lipid content, body fat distribution and other cardiometabolic risk factors: A magnetic resonance-based study in transgender individuals.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2025Article
- What a boy wants: Transgender men's hidden tran/scripts about the nonprescription use of gender-affirming hormones in mainland China.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy Is Associated With Loss of Circadian Rhythm in the Male Rat.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Article
- Case Report: Ischemic stroke in a young transgender woman due to unsupervised estrogen therapy.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Factors influencing overdose and misuse of gender-affirming medication in Chinese transgender and gender diverse individuals: A qualitative study of experience and perspectives.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- Assessing the Influence of Long-Term Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Cardiovascular Risk in Transgender Men through Carotid Intima-Media Thickness.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Gender Reassignment and the Role of the Laboratory in Monitoring Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Inflammation as a Potential Mechanism Contributing to Sexual Functioning Following Initiation of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Current sexual health reports · 2024Article
- Clinicians in the Veterans Health Administration initiate gender-affirming hormone therapy in concordance with clinical guideline recommendations.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Sex and gender differences in risk scores for dementia and Alzheimer's disease among cisgender, transgender, and non-binary adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Observational
- LGBTQ+ cardiovascular health equity: a brief review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Brazilian Guideline on Menopausal Cardiovascular Health - 2024.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2024Article
- Treatment trajectories of gender incongruent Austrian youth seeking gender-affirming hormone therapy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Transgender People after Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transgender men and women represent about 0.6 -1.1%% of the general population. Gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) helps ameliorate gender dysphoria and promote well-being. However, these treatments' cardiovascular (CV) effects are difficult to evaluate due to the limited number of extensive longitudinal studies focused on CV outcomes in this population. Furthermore, these studies are mainly observational and difficult to interpret due to a variety of hormone regimens and observation periods, together with possible bias by confounding factors (comorbidities, estrogen types, smoking, alcohol abuse, HIV infection). In addition, the introduction of GAHT at increasingly earlier ages, even before the full development of the secondary sexual characteristics, could lead to long-term changes in CV risk compared to current data. This review examines the impact of GAHT in the transgender population on CV outcomes and surrogate markers of CV health. Furthermore, we review available data on changes in DNA methylation or RNA transcription induced by GAHT that may translate into changes in metabolic parameters that could increase CV risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.